Autismo

Páginas: 42 (10350 palabras) Publicado: 24 de marzo de 2012
original y traduccion

AUTISM
Autism is a spectrum of disorders characterized by severe developmental deficits, permanent and deep. It affects socialization, communication, imagination, planning, emotional reciprocity and repetitive behaviors or unusual. Symptoms generally include the inability of social interaction, isolation and stereotypies (uncontrolled movements of a limb, usually thehands). Over time, the frequency of these disorders increases (the current incidence rates are about 60 cases per 10,000 children). Due to this increase, monitoring and evaluation of strategies for early identification may allow early treatment and improve outcomes.
Its origin is due to an abnormality of neuronal connections that is attributable often to mutations genéticas.1 However, this geneticcomponent is not always present, as has been observed that the disorders suffered by a person with autism may have a component multifactorial as described involvement of various risk factors which act together. The genes that affect synaptic maturation are involved in the development of these disorders, leading to neurobiological theories that determine the origin of autism focuses on connectivityand neuronal effects of gene expression result. There are several treatments, but not all been adequately studied. Improvements in strategies for early identification of disease using both phenotypic characteristics and biological markers (eg, changes, electrophysiological) may improve the effectiveness of current treatments
Incidence
It is estimated that autism affects four in every 10,000people, depending on diagnostic criteria used. [Citation needed] In the U.S., one for every 150 children is diagnosed with autism. In the state of Oregon is diagnosed for every 88 children 1 with autism. It is believed that the incidence is increasing, but it is unclear whether this is due to a real increase in cases or simply a greater number of diagnoses. Autism affects four times more men thanwomen, and can be found worldwide, regardless of ethnicity or culture.
Autism varies widely in severity. More severe cases are characterized by a complete absence of speech and behaviors for life extremely repetitive, unusual, and aggressive autodañinos. This behavior may persist for a long time and is very difficult to change, posing a tremendous challenge to those who must live with, treat andeducate these people. Milder forms of autism (HFA typically yield) can be almost imperceptible and often confused with shyness, lack of attention and eccentricity. Note that an autistic person can be high functioning in certain areas and low functioning in others. For example, there are autistic people who have no speech but can communicate eloquently written. [Citation needed]
HistoryThe wordautism, from the Greek autos self-in 'own self' was first used by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugene Bleuler in a volume of American Journal of Insanity, in 1912.
The medical classification of autism did not occur until 1943, when Dr. Leo Kanner of John Hopkins Hospital, studied a group of 11 children and introduced the characterization of early infantile autism. At the same time an Austrian scientist, Dr.Hans Asperger, coincidentally used the term autistic psychopathy in children who exhibit similar characteristics. Dr. Asperger's work, however, was not recognized until 1981 (by Lorna Wing), mainly because it was written in German.
The interpretations of group behavior observed by Kanner and Asperger were different. Kanner reported that 3 of the 11 children did not speak and the others did notuse the language skills they possessed. He also noted self-stimulatory behavior and "strange" movements in those children. For its part, Asperger noticed rather intense and unusual interests, the repetitiveness of routines and their attachment to certain objects, which was very different to autism, high-performance, since Asperger's experiment all spoke. He said some of these children spoke as...
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