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Gatherer-Hunter to Farmer: A Social Perspective
Barbara Bender
World Archaeology, Vol. 10, No. 2, Archaeology and Religion. (Oct., 1978), pp. 204-222.
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0043-8243%28197810%2910%3A2%3C204%3AGTFASP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N
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WedAug 29 09:44:38 2007

Gatherer-hunter to farmer: a social perspective
~~~~~~~a Bender

'X'echnolog*; and d emography ' r l a i ~ :been givcn t oo ~nricki
irrxportas-icei?i the cxpl:ti-ratton ctf
a gricultural origins; social slructurc tcio little. I;litnne~,yconcedcri as ri?l;ch itn r a373 hrii.,
rrrrfortunatcly, did not elaborate, 'X'his p aper es:inlirics seine of tite p:-oper,tic-selfsrrciai
organization among gatherer-~banl.ersind bries to show hmv i!e\-c:roplilg B ~ I c ~ii(dlii~;ii)~i~
a
~I
may promote ccorlomic: change.
It. bcgins with 2 for!nu!ation of tllc pro'ulenl, p rc~ceedsttr r hc iisamina'iiork o f t-eri:,rt
e xplanatory mociels, proposes a13 alternatii-a: appi-oacll, ;lnd rcviewe s owe arcbacoiagica2
data in t he context of this aJter.n;~ti~e,

i t i s ottcn assumcct that food ; ~ ~ o d i l ~ t i ~ ~ i
;.ln~i
;7.gricrrltiirc :ire t he s anic i':;i:-;g: t ila!: a
discussion o f onc: will be a ppropridrc to the: o thcr, 'ii'hc a:;r:i:alptro;;i
;nr:orreci, FootJ
prodrictic-~n a q uestion o f t echniqiies; ;~gr.iculhiire cjrrestion ol' ::or-~!i~ril~ricn'i
is
a
(i;co~rc;on
"

I.,
"

,

7

.

' 975).

XI!t- beraust: o i
.
.cclirlcj 1301.
the genetic make-up o l the resonrccs cio xioi:, Since thc p eopie ~r~volvecr'
~~.
foresee the lo~lg-tern1conseqrer?i:es, t!~et.c i :: n o reason to rvxakc a n a~rtihc~;ii
dicide. {-hi:
enltire range of intens11 e practices should bc c,,a:li?ncci arid "i1ic ~ ~ r ~ c o' t oilgins J h i ~ ~ i I d
s i~i~
b e p osed i n t erms of ?irhy 1ntcr~d6.catlort?'
rdci~e::ha11 "hy I
* t~q~rrizsiicc~ironB'
T h ~ i ,formulatiour is fine as far as h got.,. It pcrrnris A m ore p l e c ~ s ~ ~
ar~alvsisof r'rtc
6c.c elopi2lcrit of food yxoduc~ng
tcchnlques, Bts iimilat~onis t he a ssuri~ptlonof t echno
iogical causality: that certain changes I n techniyul;: lead t o n contmitrnent to agricirl hiri..
ot
But technological change, while it may cons"rtrrt,>a necessaj y p i-e~ondrtionagricultr~r-t-,
has no inherent developmcttltal propct-ties, So-c-slled "iac~pient dgricLrlbrrc9need h,i\it
n othing "ncipient' about it. T hc r eason tor this is ttiar commitment rs n ot primarily a
q uestion of technology, but of changing soci;il r~1~itions, a ll orre wnrlts t o do is examine
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Gatherer-hunter to farmer: a social perspective

205

t he origins of...
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