Bomba de ariete

“Bomba de ariete”

Ingeniería, Universidad La Salle, Cuernavaca, México.
Abstract: A ram pump is a cyclic hydraulic pump that uses the kinetic energy of a water hammer in a fluid to raise a portion of the fluid to a higher level. Therefore do not need another external power supply. This and its simplicity makes it suitable for remote locations where there is no access to electricity orother engines. The first pump similar to today's news we have ram was invented in 1796 by Joseph Michel Montgolfier who installed it in his paper mill. During the nineteenth century the ram pump is very popular but with the advent of electricity and low cost engines, has fallen into disuse. The principle of operation is as follows. The liquid , usually water , from a supply tank A is accelerated by aninclined loading tube B so that its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy . When the speed reaches a certain value, the discharge valve C closes suddenly stopping the flow which generates a pressure at the lower end of the inlet hose , water hammer , which forces the water to open the check valve D and climb the drain pipe F to the top reservoir G. The discharge valve C is openedagain due to the pressure drop of water flow and the cycle begins again , closing whenever the flow acquires a certain value.In E a bell or pot filled with a pressurized gas , usually air , which cushions water hammer standing and maintains a constant flow of fluid through the tube F. This gas is dissolved in the water just so it is necessary to replace it, or wrap a rubber balloon to prevent itdissolves. Some pumps are equipped with a system that injects a bubble of air with each cycle. This system is that the mechanism is designed so that when you close the D valve allows the flow of water so suddenly closing the valve depression occurs momentarily reverse input forcing some air through the valve K . If the ram pump can have a perfect energy efficient then the mass of water lost by the Cvalve, which we will call Q , multiplied by the height of supply h would be equal to the height H multiplied by the mass of high water, q . Ie : q = Q * h / H. In reality the performance is always lower and depends largely on the ratio h / H. In the best case the yield can reach 85%, but decreases as the height H increases , and can fall to 20% or less in pumping installations high.
I. INTRODUCCIONEl ariete hidráulico, patentado en 1796 por Joseph Montgolfier, consiste en una máquina que aprovecha únicamente la energía de un pequeño salto de agua para elevar parte de su caudal a una altura superior. A partir de su invención, el ariete hidráulico tuvo una amplia difusión por todo el mundo. Baste decir, a modo de ejemplo, que estuvo presente en las famosas fuentes del Taj Mahal en laIndia, o en el Ameer de Afganistán. Con el tiempo cayó en desuso, sobre todo debido al avance arrollador de la bomba centrífuga. En la actualidad asistimos a un renacer del interés acerca de este aparato, debido a que es tecnológicamente accesible, eficiente, y ecológico, ya que funciona sin necesidad de alimentación energética.
II. FUNCIONAMIENTO
El agua se acelera a lo largo del tubo dealimentación hasta alcanzar una velocidad suficiente como para que se cierre la válvula (A), Figura 1. Entonces se crea una fuerte presión, al detenerse el agua bruscamente. Este golpe de presión abre la válvula (B) y hace pasar un pequeño chorro de agua al depósito (C), hasta que se equilibran las presiones. En ese momento, la gravedad abre la válvula (A) y se cierra la (B), repitiéndose de nuevo el ciclo.El agua, a cada golpe de aire hace fluir el agua, con continuidad, por la manguera de elevación. El ritmo de golpes por segundo suele ser de uno o dos. Los fontaneros conocen muy bien el golpe de ariete; cuando se cierra bruscamente un circuito abierto de agua, toda la tubería se estremece y los manómetros enloquecen. A menudo se producen roturas por esta causa. El ariete hidráulico es una...