Calidad

International management
and knowledge management:
National, transnational, and global levels1
Lorin Loverde

ABSTRACT
New business models are emerging in the 21st Century as markets are going
global so new worldviews are needed to compete in these new economic and
social contexts for business. For international business management these
changes are reflected in the need of trustworthyinformation to support the
Knowledge Management (KM) that is now expanding the research into areas
guided by principles of innovation, collaboration, sustainability, and harmony,
most of which were not seriously considered in 20th Century management
models. In this article an emerging business model of corporate multiplexing
is introduced.
KEYWORDS

Business, management, international,global, knowledge.
RESUMEN
Nuevos modelos de negocio están surgiendo al tiempo que los mercados
del siglo XXI se vuelven globales, por lo que es necesaria una visión mundial
para competir en estos nuevos contextos económicos y sociales de negocios.
Para los administradores de negocios internacionales estos cambios se reflejan
en la necesidad de información confiable para soportar laadministración de
conocimiento (KM) que actualmente está expandiendo la investigación hacia
áreas guiadas por los principios de innovación, colaboración, sostenibilidad
y armonía; la mayoría de las cuales no fueron considerados seriamente en los
modelos de gestión del siglo XX. En ese artículo se presenta un modelo emergente
de negocios de multiplexación corporativa.
PALABRAS CLAVE
Negocios,administración, internacional, global, conocimiento.
INTRODUCTION
There was a time when many companies in developing countries did not have
to consider international or global conditions. Indeed, many of such countries
protected national industries through high import duties, complex (unfathomable)
local legal systems, and regulations that directly or indirectly discriminated
against foreigncompetition coming into these countries. Protectionism is breaking
down. Today national companies in developing countries are themselves going
international and even global. National companies attempting to continue strictly

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Ingenierías, Enero-Marzo 2013, Vol. XVI, No. 58

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lorinloverde@hotmail.com

International management and knowledge management: National, transnational, and globallevels / Lorin Loverde

within their home borders are facing an increasing
international competition from both developed and
in developing countries. In this manner national
companies face many new problems, such as
changing business models, accelerated changes in
markets, cross-cultural knowledge management
methods, a shift to international management, and
higher levels of leadership.Dynamic Markets Leadership is a new theory
of leadership that is designed to meet even greater
rate of change in the 21st Century as compared to
the leadership models developed during the slower
rate of change in the 20th Century.2 The need of new
leadership models is indicated in Ray Kurzweil’s
projection that point that compared to the 20th Century
the 21st Century will have 20,000 yearsof progress as
measured by the rate of progress in the year 2000.3
NEW BUSINESS MODELS
National, transnational, or global?
These accelerated rates of progress will be driven
by basic science and technology, as well as local
cultures and globalization. There are two basic
approaches to globalization. The first is merely to
expand one’s company to apply its same business
model in more andmore countries until it spans
the globe. The second is to consider the world as a
whole and adapt one’s business model to fit different
national values and assure sustainability across
the global environment. There are hidden risks in
globalization. For example, it was pointed out by Ken
Wilber in his book, A Theory of Everything:4
[...] humanity is destined to remain victims of a
global...