Clase Myxozoa

Páginas: 29 (7065 palabras) Publicado: 1 de noviembre de 2012
British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2(5): 236-250, 2011 ISSN: 2044-2467 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011 Submitted: August 01, 2011 Accepted: September 25, 2011

Published: November 25, 2011

A Review of Myxosporea, Microspora and Monogenea Infections in African Fish
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J.F.N. Abowei and 2E.N. Ezekiel Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger DeltaUniversity, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria 2 Department of Science laboratory Technology, School of Applied Science, Rivers State Polytechnic, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria

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Abstract: Myxosporea, Microspora and Monogenea infections in African fish was reviewed to educate fish culturists on some potential challenges in culture fisheries management. The description, taxonomy anddiagnosis, Pathology, Life cycle and biology, Epizootiology and Control of Myxosporea, Microspora and Monogenea in African fish was reviewed to educate fish culturist on more challenges faced in culture fisheries. Myxoporidea is a class of protozoa which parasitize invertebrates and lower vertebrates particularly fish, often fatal consequences for the host. Microspora consists of simpler spores and areof unicellular origin. They occur in animals of most phyla, but are most commonly found in insects and fishes, where they multiply in the host cells and cause hypertrophy of host tissues. Monogenea is a class of the phylum platyhelminthes commonly found on the skin and gills of marine and fresh water fishes. The worms are characterized by an opistohaopor. The life cycle is Monoxenous. They arehermaphrodites and mainly ectoparasites though a few are known to be endoparasites. These parasites are problem to culture fisheries causing fish mortality. Key words: African fish, infections, microspora, monogenea, myxosporea INTRODUCTION Myxoporidea is a class of protozoa which parasitize invertebrates and lower vertebrates particularly fish, often fatal consequences for the host (Bassey, 2011).They are for med from several cells during spurulation. And there are some doubts that they are really protozoan. Microspora consists of simpler spores and are of unicellular origin. They occur in animals of most phyla, but are most commonly found in insects and fishes, where they multiply in the host cells and cause hypertrophy of host tissue (Bassey, 2011). The best known microsporidian diseasesare caused by species of Nosema, which parasitize intestinal cells of honey bees and other insects. The Haplosporea are parasites of the invertebrates and fish and are probably related to microsporidians although they lack polar filaments. Monogenea is a class of the phylum platyhelminthes commonly found on he skin and gills of marine and fresh water fishes. The worms are characterized by living aposterior attachment , the opistohaopor, which is armed with hooks and/or suckers and stiky glands in the prohaptor at the end. The life cycle is direct (there is no intermediate host) (Monoxenous). They are hermaphrodites and mainly ectoparasites though a few are known to be endoparasites (Bassey, 2011). Representative of many fish families, very common in Cichlidae, Cyprinidae and in brackishwaters in Mugilidae. Data beyond single species descriptions are available from Egypt (Fahmy et al., 1975), East Africa (Baker, 1963; Paperna, 1973), Ghana (Paperna, 1968a, b, 1973), the Cameroons and Israel (in cichlids and Clarias lazera Landsberg, 1985, 1986). In some of these reports differentiation to species is lacking or incomplete (Paperna, 1968a, b, 1973; Fahmy et al., 1975). Infections byMyxobolus, Thelohanellus and Henneguya occur in both East African and West African waters. They are apparently host specific and as widespread as their respective hosts. Ovarian infections of cichlids are thus far known from the Great Lakes, Haplochromis spp. (Paperna, 1973). Thus far, only reported in cichlids from Africa and the Near East. Microsporidian infection has been described from many...
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