Ensayo harvard

Contents
Introduction Tips on writing and referencing Commonly used abbreviations Sample paragraph and reference list: Harvard Method Sample paragraph and reference list: APA style Tips for the use of electronic sources List of sources Examples Basic in-text referencing In-text reference where the author of the source is known 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 14 14 1414 Harvard 14 14 15 15 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 11 11 11 11 11 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 APA In-text reference to more than one source General forms for reference lists Non-periodical Part of a non-periodical Periodical Online periodical Online document Referencing other sources A book with only one author A book by two authors A book by three or more authors Reference to more than onepublication of the same author in the same year Different authors with the same surname A book with an institution, organisation or association as author A book with an editor(s) A chapter in a book (not edited) March 2003 Part/chapter of an edited book Anonymous work A work with a foreign title Translated works Second, further or revised editions Date of publication unknown Dictionaries EncyclopediaPersonal communication Unpublished manuscript submitted for publication Unpublished manuscript not submitted for publication Newspaper article Examples Periodical article Journal article in press Harvard APA 3 4 5 6 7 26 28

REFERENCE TECHNIQUES: HARVARD method and APA style

Me. M. Cronjé Me. N. Murdoch Me. R. Smit (editor)

Enquiries:
Me. R. Smit Tel: (011) 489-2651 E-mail:rsmi@bib.rau.ac.za

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Abstract Non-English journal article Published dissertation or thesis Unpublished dissertation or thesis Dissertation abstract Government publications Unpublished raw data, untitled Booklet, pamphlet or leaflet Study guide Conference proceedings, no author or title Conference proceedings, with title Conference proceedings, with author Unpublished paper presented at a meetingPublication of limited circulation Review Electronic sources In-text reference where the author of the electronic source is known In-text reference to a web site Internet site with author Internet document without author Personal electronic communication/ (e-mail) Article in an Internet-only journal Electronic copy of a journal article retrieved from database Internet articles based on a print sourceNewsgroups, online forums, electronic mailing lists Paper presented at a virtual conference Abstract Article in an electronic magazine (e-zine) Newspaper article Review Letter to the editor Government publication CD-ROM Sound recording Motion picture/film Television broadcast Video recording Microfiche Computer program

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Introduction

What is referencing? It is a way to demonstrate that you have extended your learning. Three reasons for referencing: To let the reader know whose ideas you are using To enable your reader to check your information To provideinformation for your reader. TERMINOLOGY: A citation is a reference to a document. It should include all the bibliographic details needed to trace the document. Footnotes are listed at the bottom of the page on which a reference or citation occurs in the text. A number is placed in the text to indicate the cited work and again at the bottom of the page in front of the footnote. Footnotes are used whenonly a small number of references need to be made. A reference list is the list of citations (material cited) in a written work. It shows the authority on which you base statements in the text, shows how well acquainted (how widely read) you are with the subject, and is a starting point for anyone else wanting to find out about the subject. A bibliography is a list of documents (books, articles,...