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SCHOOLS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
(Ancient-1871)
PRE-CLASSICAL
• The Ancients and the Scholastics
• The Salamanca School
• The First Economists
• Sir William Petty and the Mercantilists
•Richard Cantillon, Jacques Turgot and Enlightenment Economics
• François Quesnay and the Physiocrats
• David Hume and the Scottish Enlightenment
• Ferdinando Galiani and the Italian Tradition
• SocialPhilosophers and Commentators
THE CLASSICALS
• Adam Smith
• David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill and the Classical Ricardian School
• T. Robert Malthus and British Anti-Classical Economists
•Jeremy Bentham and the Utilitarians
• Jean-Baptiste Say and the French Liberal School
• Jules Dupuit and the French Engineers
• Continental Proto-Marginalists
• Karl Marx and the Marxian School
•The Bullionist Controversies
• The Manchester School
• Piero Sraffa and the Neo-Ricardians
• The Neo-Marxians




NEOCLASSICAL SCHOOLS
(1871-Today)
ANGLO-AMERICAN NEOCLASSICISM
• W.Stanley Jevons and the Anglo-American Marginalists
• John Bates Clark and the American Apologists
• Alfred Marshall and the Cambridge Neoclassicals
• Lord Robbins and the London School ofEconomics.
• Frank H. Knight and the Chicago School
• Milton Friedman and the Monetarists
• Robert Lucas and the New Classicals
• New Institutionalist Schools
CONTINENTAL NEOCLASSICISM
• LéonWalras and the Lausanne School
• Carl Menger and the Austrian School
• Knut Wicksell and the Swedish School
• Paul Samuelson, John Hicks and the Paretian Revival.
• The Vienna Colloquium
•Tjalling Koopmans and the Cowles Commission
• Kenneth Arrow, Gérard Debreu and the Neo-Walrasian General Equilibrium School
• Robert Aumann and the Edgeworthian Revival









ALTERNATIVESCHOOLS
HETERODOX TRADITIONS
• Utopians and Socialists
• The Fabian Socialists
• Gustav Schmoller and the German Historical School
• The English Historical School
• The French Historical...