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Vancouver Citation Style
The Vancouver Style is the citation style used by most biomedical journals and many scientific journals. It came out of a meeting of medical journal editors in 1978, held in Vancouver, BC, and is maintained by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). It is also known as the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. TheDental Hygiene program at Vancouver Community College uses Vancouver Style in all assessment tasks. All sources used should be properly referenced according to the following guidelines. Proper citations are a reflection of your professionalism and respect for other scholars and practitioners. Failure to do so is plagiarism and is a serious academic offense. Note: The Dental Hygiene programrequires additional pieces of information when citing resources: 1. Include the page number(s) as part of the in-text citation for direct quotes and ideas. This is not always required with Vancouver Style. 2. Where called for in Dental Hygiene assessment task directions, include the direct link to any article accessed through an online database, not just the name of the database. You will need to find a“permanent link” for the article. Consult the “Help” files for the database or contact the librarians. 3. Short URLs (also referred to as ‘tiny’) are recommended - see page 4.

Additional Resources on the Vancouver Style
For the complete guide to the Vancouver Style, please consult this online book: Citing Medicine, 2nd ed. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=citmed.TOC&depth=2 Thisbook provides very detailed examples for almost any type and variation of resource: conference papers, wikis, journal articles with a supplement, etc. Remember that the Dental Hygiene department uses a modified version of Vancouver Style, and that you will need to provide working links to any online material cited. URM Sample References at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html Formore help, please contact a VCC librarian: http://library.vcc.ca/contact/contact_directory.cfm

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Using Vancouver Style
Vancouver Style uses in-text citations and a Reference List at the end of your document. • • Citations within the text of your paper are identified with a number in round brackets. Example: Jones (8) has argued that… References are numbered consecutively in the order theyare first used in the text. The full citations will be included in the Reference List at the end of your document, with matching numbers identifying each reference. When multiple references are cited together, use a hyphen to indicate a series of inclusive numbers. Use commas to indicate a series of non-inclusive numbers. A citation with these references (4,5,6,7,14,19) is abbreviated to(4-7,14,19). Example: Multiple clinical trials (4-6,9) show… The original number used for a reference is reused each time the reference is cited. Example: “…the theory was first put forward by Lee (7) in 1999, but there was disagreement (3,5,8) over its importance.” Include the page number for any direct quotes or specific ideas. Example: “…has been proven demonstrably false.” (4, p23) The citation inbrackets is placed after any commas and periods, and before any colons and semi-colons. Example: …a new definition. (13, p111-2) …this option is preferred (11);

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Indirect Citations
An indirect source is when one author is quoted in the text of another author. These types of citations are generally not accepted in Vancouver Style, so seek permission from your instructor. Includethe author and date of the original source in the text. Use “as cited in” or “as discussed in” to say where you found the quotation and provide the citation to that reference. Example: James Wallace (2001) argued (cited by 5, p26), that…

Reference List
Provide full citations in your Reference List, included starting as a new page at the end of your document. Follow the examples included in...