Fallacies

Páginas: 2 (451 palabras) Publicado: 13 de octubre de 2012
.Reification:treating a word or a concept like it has life or power Ex.science will turn us into robots
.Bandwagon:appealing to common practice to get others to do something or share a point of viewEx.everyone else is buying a mustang, you should buy a mustang .Testimonial:directing attention to a
well-known or attractive person to create a positive image of a product Ex.Michael Jordan andnike
.False conversion:switching the subject and predicate of a sentence so the new sentence does not meet
the requirements of the correct statement Ex.all patriots salute the flag;therefore, allwho salute the flag
are patriots .False obversion: the misuse of contrasts and opposites Ex.children learn easily; therefore
adults learn with difficulty .False dilemma:as assumption is improperlymade that an issue has only two sides
Ex.everyone is either a Christian or an atheist .Strawman:misrepresenting a statement or argument to attack the
original statement Ex.go ahead and build anuclear power plant, I guess you don’t care about the environment
.Hypothesis contrary to fact:the questionable claim that one can know for sure what would have happened if a
past event had been differentfrom what actually happened Ex.if I had a different teacher, I would have gotten
a better grade.Begging the question:when the argument is based on the conclusion we are trying to prove
Ex.learningis important because everyone should acquire knowledge .Argument ad hominem:false assumption
that if you discredit a person’s character, you thereby discredit their argument Ex.what could she knowabout
patriotism? She speak in a foregn accent.Argumentum ad ignorantiam:the mistaken argument that what one
person asserts is true because another person can’t disprove it Ex.God exists becauseyou can’t prove he
doesn’t .Post hoc fallacy:incorrect assumption that because two events occur together, one is the cause of the
other Ex.luke carried a rabbit’s foot, so of course he won the...
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