Fisica

MEDICINE

Medicine is the science and art of healing, dedicated to studying the life, health , disease and death of human beings, and involves the art of exercising such expertise for the maintenance and restoration of health, applied to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease.
Medicine (Latin medicine, derived in turn from mederi, which means'cure', 'medical', originally medicalars meaning the 'art of medicine'). Along with nursing, physiotherapy and pharmacy, among other disciplines, medicine is part of the body of the health sciences.
Contemporary medicine applies health science, biomedical research, and medical technology to diagnose and treat injury and disease, typically through medication, surgery, or some other form of therapy.
Though medical technology andclinical expertise are pivotal to contemporary medicine, successful face-to-face relief of actual suffering continues to require the application of ordinary human feeling and compassion, known in English as bedside manner.
CLINICAL PRATICE
In clinical practice doctors personally assess patients in order to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease using clinical judgment. The doctor-patientrelationship typically begins an interaction with an examination of the patient's medical history and medical record, followed a medical interview and aphysical examination. Basic diagnostic medical devices (e.g. stethoscope, tongue depressor) are typically used. After examination for signs and interviewing for symptoms, the doctor may order medical tests (e.g. blood tests), take a biopsy, orprescribe pharmaceutical drugs or other therapies.Differential diagnosis methods help to rule out conditions based on the information provided. During the encounter, properly informing the patient of all relevant facts is an important part of the relationship and the development of trust. The medical encounter is then documented in the medical record, which is a legal document in many jurisdictions.  Followups may beshorter but follow the same general procedure.
The components of the medical interview[31] and encounter are:
* Chief complaint (cc): the reason for the current medical visit. These are the 'symptoms.' They are in the patient's own words and are recorded along with the duration of each one. Also called 'presenting complaint.'
* History of present illness / complaint (HPI): thechronological order of events of symptoms and further clarification of each symptom.
* Current activity: occupation, hobbies, what the patient actually does.
* Medications (Rx): what drugs the patient takes including prescribed, over-the-counter, and home remedies, as well as alternative and herbal medicines/herbal remedies. Allergies are also recorded.
* Past medical history (PMH/PMHx):concurrent medical problems, past hospitalizations and operations, injuries, past infectious diseases and/or vaccinations, history of known allergies.
* Social history (SH): birthplace, residences, marital history, social and economic status, habits (including diet, medications, tobacco, alcohol).
* Family history (FH): listing of diseases in the family that may impact the patient. A familytree is sometimes used.
* Review of systems (ROS) or systems inquiry: a set of additional questions to ask which may be missed on HPI: a general enquiry (have you noticed any weight loss, change in sleep quality, fevers, lumps and bumps? etc.), followed by questions on the body's main organ systems (heart, lungs, digestive tract, urinary tract, etc.).
The physical examination is the examination ofthe patient looking for signs of disease ('Symptoms' are what the patient volunteers, 'Signs' are what the healthcare provider detects by examination). The healthcare provider uses the senses of sight, hearing, touch, and sometimes smell (e.g. in infection, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis). Taste has been made redundant by the availability of modern lab tests. Four actions are taught as the...