Gamatica Inglesa - A University Course

ENGLISH GRAMMAR

This new edition of Downing and Locke’s award-winning text-book has been thoroughly
revised and rewritten by Angela Downing to offer an integrated account of structure,
meaning and function in relation to context. Also used as a reference book, it provides
the linguistic basis for courses and projects on translation, contrastive linguistics,
stylistics, reading anddiscourse studies. It is accessible and reader-friendly throughout.
Key features include:
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Chapters divided into modules of class-length materials
Each new concept clearly explained and highlighted
Authentic texts from a wide range of sources, both spoken and written, to illustrate
grammatical usage
Clear chapter and module summaries enabling efficient class preparationand
student revision
Exercises and topics for individual study
Answer key for analytical exercises
Comprehensive index
Select bibliography
Suggestions for further reading

This up-to-date, descriptive grammar is a complete course for first degree and postgraduate students of English, and is particularly suitable for those whose native language
is not English.
Angela Downing is ProfessorEmeritus in the Department of English Language and
Linguistics (English Philology I) at the Universidad Complutense, Madrid.
The late Philip Locke taught at the Institute of Modern Languages and Translation at
the Universidad Complutense, Madrid.

ENGLISH GRAMMAR
A University Course
Second edition

Angela Downing and Philip Locke

First published 1992
by Prentice Hall International(UK) Ltd
Routledge edition published 2002 by Routledge
This second edition published 2006
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
© 2006 Angela Downing and Philip Locke
This edition published in the Taylor & Francise-Library, 2006.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, orin any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN10: 0–415–28787–1
ISBN10: 0–415–28786–3

ISBN13: 9–78–0–415–28787–6(pbk)
ISBN13: 9–78–0–415–28786–9 (hbk)

This book is for:
Enrique
and to the memory of Philip Locke

CONTENTS

Foreword
Preface to the second edition
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Table of notational symbols
1 Basic concepts
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3

Language and meaning
Linguistic forms and syntactic functions
Negation and expansion

Exercises
2 The skeleton of themessage: Introduction to clause
structure
Module 4
Module 5
Module 6
Module 7
Module 8

Syntactic functions and structures of the clause
Subject and Predicator
Direct, Indirect and Prepositional Objects
Subject and Object Complements
Adjuncts

Further reading
Exercises
3 The development of the message: Complementation
of the verb

Introduction: Major complementation patterns andvalency
Module 9 Intransitive and copular patterns
Module10 Transitive patterns
Module 11 Complementation by finite clauses
Module 12 Complementation by non-finite clauses
Summary of complementation patterns
Further reading
Exercises

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9
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34
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50
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69
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76

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100
108
114
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116

4 Conceptualising patterns of...