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Variation in cardiovascular disease risk in response to market integration in two diverse populations
TJ Cepon1, MA Liebert1, FC Madimenos1, LS Sugiyama1, JJ Snodgrass1, AD Blackwell1,2, WRLeonard3, LA Tarskaia4,5, TM Klimova6, VG Krivoshapkin6. 1Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; 2Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara;3Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; 4Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS; 5Institute for Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences,Moscow, Russia; 6FSRI Institute of Health, Republic of Sakha/Yakutia, Yakutsk, Russia.

Cardiovascular and metabolic disease risks have been shown to increase as populations transition fromtraditional subsistence economies to market-integrated lifestyles. Despite multiple studies documenting the effects of this transition on cardiovascular and metabolic health, our understanding of specificmechanisms responsible for these effects remains incomplete. There is considerable variation in the risk factors among individuals from different ethnic and racial groups; however, few comparative studiesexamining different cultural patterns of market integration (MI) and pre-existing, regionally-specific genetic adaptations exist. The present study compares trends in cardiovascular disease responsesto MI in two indigenous groups—the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador and the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia—with the following objectives: 1) examine the relationship between MI and cardiovasculardisease risk (blood pressure, cholesterol [total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides], glucose) within the two groups; 2) compare cardiovascular disease response trends between the two populations; and3) discuss the mechanisms responsible for these differences based on lifestyle differences and environmental adaptations. Anthropometric, health, and lifestyle data was collected from Shuar and...