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Techniques

of Water-Resources

Investigations Survey

of the United States Geological

Chapter

B5

DEFINITION OF BOUNDARY AND INITIAL CONDITIONS IN THE ANALYSIS OF SATURATED GROUND-WATER FLOW SYSTEMS-AN INTRODUCTION
By 0. Lehn Franke, Thomas E. Reilly, and Gordon D. Bennett

Book 3 APPLICATIONS OF HYDRAULICS

DEPARTMENT OF THEINTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary SURVEY

U.S. GEOLOGICAL

Dallas 1. Peck, Director

UNITED

STATES GOVERNMENT

PRINTING

OFFICE, WASHINGTON

: 1987

For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225

Survey,

PREFACE
The seriesof manualson techniquesdescribesproceduresfor planning and executing specialized work inwater-resources investigations.The material is grouped under major subject headingscalled books and further subdividedinto sectionsand chapters; section B of book 3 is on ground-water techniques. The unit of publication,the chapter,is limited to a narrow field of subject matter. This format permits flexibility in revision and publication as the need arises. Chapter 3B5 deals with the definitionof boundary and initial conditionsin the analysisof saturated ground-water flow systems. Provisional drafts of chapters are distributed to field offices of the U.S. Geological Survey for their use. These drafts are subject to revision becauseof experiencein use or because of advancementin knowledge, techniques, or equipment. After the technique describedin a chapter is sufficiently developed,chapter is published and the is for sale from U.S. Geological Survey,Books and Open-FileReports Section,Federal Center,Box 25425, Denver,CO 80225. Reference to trade names, commercial products, manufacturers, or distributors in this manual constitutes neither endorsementby the Geological Survey nor recommendation for use.

III

TECHNIQUES

OF WATER-RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS UNITED STATESGEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OF THE

The U.S. Geological Survey publishes a series of manuals describing procedures for planning and conducting specializedwork in water-resourcesinvestigations.The manualspublished to date are listed below and may be ordered by mail from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denwq Colorado 80225an authorized agent of theSuperintendentof Documents, Government Printing Office). Prepaymentis required. Remittance should be sentby check or money order payableto U.S. Geological Survey.Prices are not included in the listing below as they are subject to change.Current prices can be obtained by writing to the USGS, Books and Open File Reports. Prices include cost of domestic surface transportation. For transmittal outside the U.S.A.(except to Canada and Mexico) a surcharge of 25 percent of the net bill should be included to cover surface transportation. When ordering any of thesepublications, pleasegive the title, book number, chapter number, and “U.S. Geological Survey Techniquesof Water-ResourcesInvestigations.”
TWI 1-Dl. TWI l-D2. TWI TWI TWI TWI Tw TWI TWI TWI TWI TWI TWI 2-Dl. 2-El. 3-Al. 3-A2. 3-A3. 3-A4. 3-A5. 3-A6.3-A7. 3-A8. 3-A9. Water temperature-influential factors, field measurement, and data presentation, by H.H. Stevens,Jr., J.F. Ficke, and G.F. Smoot, 1975, 65 pages. Guidelines for collection and field analysis of ground-water samples for selected unstable constituents, by W.W. Wood. 1976. 24 pages. Application of surface geophysicsto ground water investigations, by A.A.R. Zohdy, G.P. Eaton, andD.R. Mabey. 1974. 116 pages. Application of borehoie geophysicsto water-resources investigations, by W.S. Keys and L.M. MacCary. 1971. 126 pages. General field and office procedures for indirect discharge measurement, by M.A. Benson and Tate Dahymple. 1967. 30 pages. Measurement of peak discharge by the slope-area method, by Tate Dalrymple and M.A. Benson. 1967. 12 pages. Measurement of peak...