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(including the entertainment industry) and contemporary folklore (From Batman to Marilyn Monroe) much the same symbols served both British (Richard Hamilton, David Hockney, Peter Blake) and American painters (Jim Dine, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein) who throughout the 1960s used a Dada-like collage technique and the silk-screen printing process to convey their manylevelled visions.Sometimes isolating the most mundane objects – e.g. the soup-tin or the mass-produced hamburger – they were echoed by sculptors like Claes Oldenburg, who made inflated versions of these in all Pop art – pop referring to popular culture – emerged as a major movement in the mid 1950s, based in London and New York, and continued into the 1970s. In the USA kinds of materials. Lettering and sign-languagewere further elements which sometimes became dominant. Though the term remained Anglo-American a similar imagery and approach could be found among continental artists associated with Nouveau Réalisme, and it has also affected the cinema, notably certain films of JeanLuc Godard and the Beatles’ cartoon film The Yellow Submarine. Fashion, packaging, and graphic design quickly conformed, the wholecomplex sometimes being known as the pop scene.
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Pop art
AN OVERVIEW by Dr John W Nixon

Related Study Notes

10010 Major terms and concepts in History of Art and Design (for 2001 6-unit specification) 10011 Major terms and concepts in History of Art (for 2008 4-unit specification) 10050 Perspectives on realism 10060 From realism to abstraction AS20705 Dada 10821 Surrealist painting 30710Abstract Expressionist painting 30820 Modernism and Postmodernism 30830 School of London painting 40644 Pop design

it was widely seen as a reaction to the elitist and highminded aestheticism and ‘spirituality’ of Abstract Expressionism. This reading does not properly account for Pop’s slightly earlier emergence in Britain but it does point to the movement’s broader cultural significance –Abstract Expressionism quintessentially Modernist in ethos, Pop Postmodernist. Pop, perhaps the first major expression of Postmodernism, restored subject matter to painting and sculpture but in a way recalling the ironic intent of the Dadaist Marcel Duchamp’s ‘readymades’ ( 10010/1) – hence its sometimes being referred to as Neo-Dada or New Dada. An associated movement in France, founded in 1960, wasknown as Nouveau Réalisme (New Realism). In Pop Art, as with Duchamp, the significance of the chosen subject matter often seems to lie in its very insignificance, its banality – Andy Warhol’s multiple depictions of Campbell’s soup tins and Brillo Pad boxes are examples. Pop artists looked at the world around them and made the rather startling discovery, for fine artists, that much of it was taken upwith consumerism, advertising, kitsch and mass-produced bric-a-brac of one kind or another. And just as they introduced low-art subject matter into high-art productions, Pop artists also introduced into a high-art context various low-art techniques and devices, among these, multiples,
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Fig. 1 Andy Warhol, Campbell’s Soup Cans 200, detail, 1962; 183 x 254 cm (71 x 99 in); Colorado,collection Kimiko and John Powers. Reproduced from Edward Lucie-Smith, Art Today, Phaidon, 1977, ISBN 0-7148-1806-2, p. 200.

The difference between British and American Pop Art is summarised by the Encyclopaedia Britannica as follows: American Pop art tended to be emblematic, anonymous, and aggressive; English Pop, more subjective and referential, expressed a somewhat romantic view of Pop culturefostered perhaps by England’s relative distance from it. English Pop artists tended to deal with technology and popular culture primarily as themes, even metaphor; some American Pop artists actually seemed to live these ideas. Warhol’s motto, for example, was, “I think everybody should be a machine,” and he tried in his art to produce works that a machine would have made.
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British Pop
As already...