Ingles

SPECIAL PASSIVES
THE PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND “IT+ PASSIVE”

1- FILL IN THE BLANKS AS IN THE EXAMPLE PROVIDED. NOTICE THAT THE INFINITIVES AFTER THE PASSIVES IN THE FIRST COLUMN REFER TO THE PRESENT, THE ONES IN THE SECOND COLUMN TO THE PAST, AND THOSE IN THE THIRD ONE TO THE FUTURE

THE RICHEST MAN IN BRITAIN



The publisher Paul Raymond 1is said to be (say/be) the richest man inBritain, and he 2 ____________ (believe/have) a personal fortune of over £1,650,000,000. His magazine publishing company 3____________ (think/make) annual profits of around £14 million, and he 4____________ (believe/own) a number of other companies. He (5____________ (know/have) houses in London and the Caribbean, but at the age of 68 he 6____________ (say/live) a very quiet life.
However, most of hiswealth does not come from the magazines; it comes from the property he owns in central London. He 7 is known to have started (know/start) buying up properties over forty years ago, when prices were about £10,000. He 8_________(say/buy) another fifty properties in 1974, and he 9__________ (believe/purchase) another hundred in 1977, just before the property market recovered. Each of theseinvestments 10__________ (believe/rise) in value many times over, so he is much
richer than the Queen.
He is now nearing retirement, but he 11 is thought to be making (think/make) major new property investments at the moment. He 12 ___________ (say/try) to buy a number of properties in Rupert Street, London, and 13 _________ (believe/buy) additional houses in Chelsea. However, he14 ___________ (notthink/plan) to expand his publishing empire any further.







2- FILL IN THE BLANKS AS IN THE EXAMPLE PROVIDED


Manchester United: just a game of football?


Manchester United (1) is supposed to have (suppose/have) between 10 million and 30 million supporters throughout the world. In Norway, for example, one in every 140 people (2)______________ (say/be) a registered supporter.Ticket sales and merchandising contribute over half of the club's revenue, with television contributing a further 20%. But senior executives (3) ______________ (know/look at) other ways to generate income at the moment. For example, the club (4)______________ (believe/develop) e-commerce initiatives through a series of alliances. Costs at the club continue to increase. A few years ago the club(5)______________ (report/spend) £30m on a plan to expand the capacity of the stadium from 55,000 seats to 67,400 seats. But this (6) ______________ (think/be) a good investment as it will generate nearly £7.5 million in additional turnover annually. The main costs at the club are the salaries of the players. Last year the team's captain (7)_____________ (understand/negotiate) a four-year contractworth over eight figures.





HOW DOES THE PASSIVE INFINITIVE WORK (GRAMMAR EXPLANATIONS)


HOW TO GENERATE SENTENCES LIKE
• It is supposed that Manchester United has between 10 million and 30 million supporters throughout the world
• Manchester United is supposed to have between 10 million and 30 million supporters throughout the world==========================================================
FIRST WE HAVE TO REMEMBER HOW AN ACTIVE SENTENCE IS TURNED INTO PASSIVE IN GENERAL. WE APPLY THE FOLLOWING GENERAL RULE:


ACTIVE PASSIVE
(A) (1)S(UBJECT) (2)V(ERB) (3)O(BJECT) ==> (3) (2 IN THE PASSIVE) BY(1)
Mary bought a hat ==> A hat was bought by Mary


NOTICE THAT IN ANY KIND OFPASSIVE:
1. ONLY THOSE THREE (S-V-O) ELEMENTS TAKE PART IN ANY ACTIVE TO PASSIVE OR PASSIVE TO ACTIVE CHANGE. IF FOR EXAMPLE IN SENTENCE (A) WE HAD “Mary bought a hat in a big shop yesterday” “in a big shop” and “yesterday” WOULD NOT BE CHANGED BECAUSE “ in big shop” IS NOT S , V, or O AND THE SAME HAPPENS WITH “yesterday”


2 THE “BY(1)”-THE AGENT AS WE CALL IT NORMALLY-MUST BE DELETED WHEN...