Londres

History
The etymology of London remains a mystery today. The first etymological explanation can be attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his book History Regum Britanniae. It is described as originating the name of King Lud, who allegedly had taken the city and had called Kaerlud.7 From this name, the word was transformed to Kaerludein and finally in London. Other theories explain that the namecould have derived from Welsh or British or Anglo-Saxon and even hebreo.8
Although there is evidence of Britons settlements scattered throughout the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans in AD 43 under the name Londinium, following the Roman conquest of Bretaña.9 This settlement lasted only seventeen. Around 61, the Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudica stormed the settlementdestroying completamente.10 The next plan to rebuild the city prospered and came to replace Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its peak during the second century, Roman London had a population of approximately 60,000.
By 600, the Anglo-Saxons had created a new settlement called Lundenwic, approximately 900 meters upstream from the ancient Roman city, around whatis now Covent Garden.11 is likely to have a port at the mouth of the river Fleetpara developing fisheries and trade. This trade grew until the city was taken by the Vikings and forced to move back to the location of the Roman Londinium to use their walls as protección.12 Viking attacks continued to increase for the rest of southeast England until 886, when Alfred the Great recaptured London andagreed to peace with the Danish leader Guthrum.13 Lundenwic The Saxon town became Ealdwic ('old city'), a name that survives today as Aldwych, which is in the modern CityWestminster.
In the Medieval period, establishes the importance of London Westminster Abbey. In this abbey (as distinct from Westminster Cathedral) are to be crowned the kings of England. The residence of English royalty was,until the end of the Norman period, the castle fortress of the Tower of London, where now guard the Crown Jewels.Over the years of Roman London developed what is now the financial district (City).
London expanded in all directions, attaching steppes, forests and villages. Since the eighteenth century until the first half of the twentieth century has been the capital of the British Empire.
In theyear 1666 a great fire destroyed much of the City. The reconstruction lasted ten years and was painted by the great architect Christopher Wren, who rebuilt many destroyed churches, including St. Paul's Cathedral, where today lie the heroes of the British nation. The city sees a huge acceleration in the eighteenth century and early twentieth century, when London was the largest city in the world.
Thelocal authority sought to harness this huge expansion, especially to bring infrastructure to the city. To this end, in 1855 created the Metropolitan Board of Works. In 1889 the MBW was obsolete and in its place was established the County of London, ruled from the first assembly elected from all London "stretched", the London County Council.
During World War II, London was bombed by theLuftwaffe, with the onslaught of the bombing during the Battle of Britain. The raid killed about 30,000 Londoners and destroyed several parts of the city, built in various architectural styles in the following decades. The expansion of London was slowed after the end of World War II with different annexation of land, together with the care of a green ring around the city (Green Belt).
In 1952, the commonphenomenon of fog, the more intense and contaminated with sulfur, claimed some 12 000 lives in four days.The victims were particularly vulnerable, such as those suffering from lung diseases and cardiacas.14
Until the ceasefire in 1997 and 1998, London was a daily target for IRA bombs in this way sought to intimidate the British government to negotiate with Sinn Féin North enIrlanda.
On July 6,...