Petróleo peado

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group Series

Volume 2

Composition of Petroleum Mixtures

Thomas L. Potter Kathleen E. Simmons

Composition of Petroleum Mixtures

These organizations sponsored or contributed to the completion of this technical document prepared by the TPH Criteria Working Group: American Petroleum Institute Association for the Environmental Health ofSoils Association of American Railroads British Petroleum Chevron Research and Technology Company Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc. Retec, Inc. Shell Development Company United States Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory University of Massachusetts

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group Series

Volume 2

Composition of Petroleum Mixtures
MAY 1998

PREPARED BY:
Thomas L.Potter Kathleen E. Simmons University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts

Amherst Scientific Publishers 150 Fearing Street Amherst, Massachusetts 01002 © 1998 by Amherst Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-884-940-19-6
The material contained in this document was obtained from independent and highly respected sources. Ever y attempt has been made to ensure accurate,reliable information, however, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the information or how the information is applied. Opinions expressed in this book are those of the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group and do not reflect those of the publisher. This document was prepared by the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group. Neither the Working Group nor members of theWorking Group: a. Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of the information contained in this repor t, or that the use of any apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this repor t may not infringe privately owned rights; or b. Assumes any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, anyinformation, apparatus, method or process disclosed in this report. This document may be reproduced only in its entirety for unlimited distribution. Every reasonable effort has been made to give reliable data and information, but neither the TPH Criteria Working Group nor the contributing individuals or their companies assume any responsibility for the validity of all materials or for theconsequences of their use or misuse. A por tion of the proceeds from the sale of this book will be donated to the Plant-a-Tree Program, a reforestation program managed by the U.S. Forest Service. Printed in the United States of America

CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................................... ix 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 2.0 PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY .................................................................................... 1 2.1 GENERAL PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY.............................................................. 2 2.2 ALKANES ...................................................................................................... 3 2.3 ALKENES ...................................................................................................... 6 2.4 CYCLOALKANES ............................................................................................ 7 2.5 AROMATICS.................................................................................................. 8 2.6 OTHER PETROLEUM FUEL MIXTURE COMPONENTS ...................................... 9 3.0 PETROLEUM FUEL MIXTURE PRODUCTION .......................................................... 9 3.1 PETROLEUM REFINING PROCESS .................................................................. 9 3.2 PETROLEUM FUEL MIXTURE SPECIFICATIONS...