Transistors circuits

Principles of T ransistor Circuits

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Principles of Transistor Circuits
Ninth Edition

Introduction to the Design of Amplifiers, Receivers and Digital Circuits S. W. Amos,
BSc, CEng, MIEE BSc, CEng, MIEE

M. R. James,

Newnes
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI

Newnes An imprint of Newnes Butterworth-Heinemann LinacreHouse, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published by Iliffe Books Ltd 1959 Second edition 1961 Third edition 1965 Fourth edition 1969 Fifth edition 1975 Sixth edition 1981 Seventh edition 1990 Eighth edition 1994 Ninth edition 2000 © S. W. Amos and M. R.James 2000
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 orunder the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Amos, S. W. Principles of transistor circuits. – 9th ed. 1. Transistor circuits 2.Electronic circuit design I. Title 621.3815 30422 TK7871.9 ISBN 0 7506 4427 3 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Amos, S. W. (Stanley William) Principles of transistor circuits/S. W. Amos. – 9th ed. p. cm. ISBN 0 7506 4427 3 1. Transistor circuits. I. Title TK7871.9A45 1994 621.381 528–dc20 93–50682 Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Laser Quay, Rochester, Kent Printed in England byClays Ltd, St Ives plc

Contents

Preface to the ninth edition 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Semiconductors and junction diodes Basic principles of transistors Common-base and common-gate amplifiers Common-emitter and common-source amplifiers Common-collector and common-drain amplifiers (emitter and source followers) Bias and d.c. stabilisation Small-signal a.f. amplifiersLarge-signal a.f. amplifiers D.C. and pulse amplifiers R.F. and I.F. amplifiers Sinusoidal oscillators Modulators, demodulators, mixers and receivers Pulse generators Sawtooth generators Digital circuits Further applications of transistors and other semiconductor devices

vi 1 22 53 65 78 90 112 134 158 180 205 227 255 281 293 328 369 381 387 390 397

Appendix A The manufacture of transistors andintegrated circuits Appendix B Transistor parameters Appendix C The stability of a transistor tuned amplifier Appendix D Semiconductor letter symbols Index

Preface to the ninth edition

This ninth edition was introduced to bring the material up-to-date and to render all of the diagrams to the same standard. Some of the information from previous editions has been left out; either because it wasobsolete or because it is not relevant to modern electronics. Most students are taught discrete component circuit analysis and design with silicon npn transistors as the main active devices. Although a flexibility of approach is important (i.e. to be able to use both npn and pnp devices of any semiconductor type), the redrawn diagrams have been changed to conform to the npn silicon arrangement sothat the learning process does not involve unfamiliar configurations. Some of the abbreviations have been modernised, and the gate turn off thyristor introduced along with optically coupled devices. Much of the section on digital techniques has been reworked to reflect current practice. S. W. Amos M. R. James

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Chapter 1

Semiconductors and junction diodes...