Turkey

Páginas: 5 (1042 palabras) Publicado: 22 de octubre de 2012
Turkey

History


Mustafa KEMAL founded modern Turkey in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeats Ottoman Empire: The country adopted great social, legal, and political reforms. The Democratic Party won the power in peaceful elections. Since this moment the political parties in Turkey increased and the democracy party lived periods of instability and the coming and going of militarycoups in which the power was returned to civilians.
Turkey intervened military on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island creating in this way the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but its only recognized in this way by Turkey.

In 1984 the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), known nowadays as the KGK, began a separatist insurgency. This created a series of confrontations withTurkish army in which 30.000 people died. In 1999 the KGK leader was captured and the members of the group escaped to northern Iraq. Then in 2004 the KGK end their ceasefire and start the conflict again increasing their attacks.

In 1945 Turkey joined the UN and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. They also became members of the European Community in 1964.

Turkey is a founding member of t heUnited Nations in 1945, the OECD in 1961, the OIC in 1969, the OSCE in 1973, the ECO in 1985, the BSEC in 1992 and the G-20 major economies in 1999.

In the past decade many reforms to improve its democracy and economy have being taking place enabling it to begin accession membership talks with the European Union.






Geography

It is a transcontinental Eurasian country. It consists inthe Asian Turkey, which includes 97% of the country that is separated from the European Turkey which consists in the other 3% of the country. It is located in the southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia. Turkey borders the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Syria. Turkey has an strategic location in which they cancontrol the Turkish Straits that link Black and Aegeans Sea. The territory of Turkey is more tan 1.600 kilometers long and 800 kilometers wide.



Economy

Turkey has a combination between modern industry-commerce and a traditional agriculture sector. The private sector has being increasing but the government is the one that still plays an important role in the industry, banking, transport andcommunication. The largest industrial sector is textile and clothing. The automotive and electronic industries are becoming more important in Turkey´s exports. Turkey’s economy is becoming on industry and les son agriculture, which in past years was responsible for more than 35% of employment in the country. In 2010 the agricultural sector accounted 9% of GDP while the industrial sector accountedfor 26% and the services sector 65%. The agriculture still accounted 24.7% of employment. Turkish PPS GDP per capita stood at 49% of the EU average. In 2009 exports were $110 bn and in 2010 it was $117 bn because of the advantage of the European Union – Turkey Customs Union signed for the increase Turkeys industrial production destined for exports.






Political and Juridical SystemTurkey is a republican parliamentary democracy with a civil law system derived from various European continental legal systems, accepts compulsory International Court of Justice (acts as a world court) jurisdiction. Also Turkey is member of the European Court of Human Rights.

The Judicial Branch consists in :

- Constitutional Court.
- High Court of Appeals.
- Council of State.
- Court ofAccounts.
- Military High Court of Appeals.
- Military High Court of Appeals.
- Military High Administrative Court.
There are 49 parties that Turkey had and some of them are:

- Democratic Left Party.
- Democratic Peoples Party.
- Justice and Development Party.
- Liberal Democratic Party.
- Nationalist Action Party.
- Social Democratic Peoples Party.
- True Path Party.

Some of the...
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