World Together World Apart

Regarding "The Origins of Writing according to the Sumerians" and "The Mystery of
Harappan Writing" in your textbook: Why does the method a civilization used to
construct language matter? Does the methodology they used reveal something
about them beyond the message of any one given document?

According the "The Origins of Writing according to the Sumerians", the method a civilization usedto construct their language matter because it should be understandable for other civilization because if not they could thought that the messenger is lying to them or they just could interpret what the other civilization is trying to communicate to them.
Also, if we think about the way the Harappan’s writing was make us think that their civilization was important and well developed since theywant to preserve their information, or communicate with other civilization that were at long distance the point is that the methodology that they used give us a way to understand better how their civilizations were, what I mean by that is we could know how developed the civilization were seeing the way the communicate with each others via writing. Because as we know writing is one of the mostimportant inventions human beings have ever made.
Explain and then support or refute the following statement: Nomads were on the forefront of climatic change similar to our present-day endangered species.
First of all we have to give a small definition of what a nomads means, is a group of people who have no fixed home and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, andgrazing land. Now we can define what are the endangered species, they are a population of organisms which is facing a high risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters. So, we can conclude that they are different because when the nomads do not found more food or water or the climate is changing in the region they areliving they simple move to a better place where they can survive by having the resources they need or where the climate is better for they to live there; by the contrary the endangered species stays in the same place so for this reason they start dying because they run out of resources to survive.

Find the riverine cultures on maps 2-1, 2-2, and 2-6. What benefits could develop
from tradingbetween these cultures and nomadic ones? Why can it be said that
these two different groups had a symbiotic relationship?

The riverine cultures are: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Yangshao Culture, Longshan Culture. These cultures were lacking of raw materials such as wood, stones and metal to augment local building materials so they established a trade for these materials and in exchangethe cities offered manufactured goods, especially luxury textiles.
About the symbiotic relationship, which means a relationship of mutual benefit or dependence, so based on that I thought this two different groups did have a symbiotic relationship.

What does the existence of multiple riverine cultures tell us about early human beings?
What we can observe from there is that early humanbeings need a good source of water, just like nowadays we are totally dependent on water the only difference it is that in the past they do not count with piping system that allow them to obtain the water they need for their life.

-According to this map, what were the natural boundaries of the Mesopotamian cities?
-How did proximity to the Zagros Mts. affect the new urban center?
-How did theexpansion northward reflect the continued influence of geographic and environmental factors on urbanization?

A) The natural boundaries of the Mesopotamian cities were the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers.
B) Extraterritorial tribesmen from the Zargos Mountains infiltrated to the Mesopotamian regions and then conquering the capital city.
C) Because the northern cities had a economic, political...