X86 Processors

Assembly Language for x86 Processors
Sixth Edition

KIP R. IRVINE
Florida International University School of Computing and Information Sciences

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Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J.Horton Editor-in-Chief: Michael Hirsch Executive Editor: Tracy Dunkelberger Assistant Editor: Melinda Haggerty Editorial Assistant: Allison Michael Vice President, Production: Vince O’Brien Senior Managing Editor: Scott Disanno Production Liaison: Jane Bonnell Production Editor: Maheswari PonSaravanan, TexTech International Senior Operations Supervisor: Alan Fischer Marketing Manager: Erin DavisMarketing Assistant: Mack Patterson Art Director: Kenny Beck Cover Designer: Laura C. Ierardi Cover Image: Color enhanced x-ray of nautilus shell / Bert Myers / Science Photo Library Art Editor: Greg Dulles Media Editor: Daniel Sandin Media Project Manager: Danielle Leone Composition/Full-Service Project Management: TexTech International IA-32, Pentium, i486, Intel64, Celeron, and Intel 386 aretrademarks of Intel Corporation. Athlon, Phenom, and Opteron are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. TASM and Turbo Debugger are trademarks of Borland International. Microsoft Assembler (MASM), Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows NT, Windows Me, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, MS-Windows, PowerPoint, Win32, DEBUG, WinDbg, MS-DOS, Visual Studio, Visual C++, and CodeView are registeredtrademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Autocad is a trademark of Autodesk. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems. PartitionMagic is a trademark of Symantec. All other trademarks or product names are the property of their respective owners. Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica. This publication is protected by Copyright and permissions should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use materials from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Higher Education,Permissions Department, 1 Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Previously published as Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of anykind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Irvine, Kip R. Assembly language for x86 processors /Kip R. Irvine. -- 6th ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Assembly language for intel-based computers, 5th ed., 2007. ISBN 0-13-602212-X (alk. paper) 1. IBM microcomputers--Programming. 2. Assembler language (Computer program language) I. Irvine, Kip R. - Assembly language for intel-based computers. II. Title. QA76.8.I77 2011 005.265--dc22 2009049014

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-602212-1 ISBN-10:0-13-602212-X

To Jack and Candy Irvine

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Contents
Preface xix

1
1.1

Basic Concepts 1
Welcome to Assembly Language 1
1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 Good Questions to Ask 2 Assembly Language Applications 5 Section Review 6

1.2 1.3

Virtual Machine Concept
1.2.1 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 1.3.7 Section Review 9

7

Data Representation...