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Páginas: 13 (3198 palabras) Publicado: 9 de diciembre de 2012
Floods
Floods

Introduction

* I wanted to talk about floods because they are one of the most common hazards in the United States and Mexico, however not all floods are alike. Some floods develop slowly, while others such a flash floods, can develop in just a few minutes and without visible signs of rain. Additionally, floods can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or verylarge, affecting entire river basins and multiple states. However, we can minimize the risks making local actors stronger, empowerment, the meaning of this word is that you have to teach the local people of the damage site what to do in case of floods and other disasters so they can make important descissions.
Floods are the most frequent type of disaster worldwide. It can strike anywhere andanytime. Although floods can be predicted, they often cause massive damage and destruction of property as most urban communities are located near water sources such as coasts and rivers.
After prayers to the rain gods, answered in excess in parts of our country, now, the focus has shifted to floods.  Many states in our country are flood prone due to heavy rain or otherwise. The flood causes loss tohuman life and wide spread damage to property. Unimaginable damage to agriculture takes place affecting the States planning and upset the financial budgeting there by slowing down the whole economy of the country.

People not affected by the flood tend to ignore the event thinking that it does not affect them so why bother?. 

Flood is not unique to our country. Floods come in differentparts of the world. Floods are the biggest cause of loss of life every year through out globe. Majority of countries do not document or map floods methodically. People are generally taken by surprise by the floods as they may come in the night when every body is asleep, giving very little time for evacuation. Water remains stag anent after the flood recedes, source of drinking water get polluted andthe food get spoiled. People are left with no resource to combat the natural calamity that has take place. Floods are ugly part of our system we cannot ignore or wish them away. The only way to fight the floods is to try to predict the flood, prepare for it, train and educate people. identify areas, which are flood prone.
What is a flood?
* A flood is an overflow of water that submergesland. The European Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water. This water can be fast flowing and deep, it can be swift and cause property and people to be washed away. It can cause water to pond on land, sitting for hours or even days causing the crops and land beneath to be damaged.
* How flooding happens?
Most commonly flooding iscaused when more rainfall falls than the land and waterways can contain, or the failure of an embankment holding large amounts of water behind it. This can cause water to puddle and pool on the lands surface land. Streams and rivers will swell as more water flows into them, if there is enough water they can spill out of their usual channels. Lakes will rise, and flooding can occur around theiredges.
Why flooding happens?

* All soils have pores between the soil particles, these are usually filled with air, however when it rains these spaces get filled with water.
All soils have different amounts of water they can hold in their pore space, once these pore spaces are filled with water any more water falling onto the soil will either flow over the land and into a stream orwaterway, or it will pond.
Hard surfaces like concrete, steel and asphalt have no pore spaces, this means that none of the water that falls on these surfaces can be absorbed, and we must have drainage systems to take the water away safely.    
The frequency or probability of a flood usually is described by assigning a recurrence interval to the flood at each gaging station. This is accomplished by...
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