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Knowledge Typology Map

Knowledge in the Brain
Knowledge

Knowledge is the perception of the agreement or disagreement of two ideas—John Locke (1689) BOOKIV. Of Knowledge and Probability. An Essay: Concerning Human Understanding.

Locke gave us our first hint of what knowledge is all about. Since that time, others have tried to refine it. Davenportand Prusak (1998, p. 5) define knowledge as, "a fluid mix of framed experience, contextual information, values and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating newexperiences and information." Notice that there are two parts to their definition:

First, there is content: "a fluid mix of framed experience, contextual information, values and expert insight." Thisincludes a number of things that we have within us, such as experiences, beliefs, values, how we feel, motivation, and information.
The second part defines the function or purpose of knowledge,"that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information." Notice how this relates back to Locke's definition — we have within us a framework (one idea) that we use forevaluating new experiences (the second idea).

Knowledge is information that changes something or somebody—either by becoming grounds for actions, or by making an individual (or an institution)capable of different or more effective action." - Peter F. Drucker in The New Realities

Achterbergh & Vriens (2002) further write that the function has two main parts. First, it serves as abackground for the assessment of signals, which in turn, allows the performance of actions. As to the first part, they write, “To determine whether a signal is informative, an observer has to 'attach...