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PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND THE VERB TO BE

( Personal Pronouns are used to replace the SUBJECT of sentences.
( The verb TO BE indicates state, position, characteristics. It is used to give information about the subject of a
sentence.

Affirmative and Negative Sentences

|SUBJECT |VERB |COMPLEMENT | |CONTRACTIONS|
|I |am / am not |Nationalities |( |I’m / I’m not |
|You |are / aren’t |From + country |( |You’re / You’re not |
|He |is / isn’t |Adjectives |( |He’s / He’s not |
|She|is / isn’t |Professions |( |She’s / She’s not |
|It |is / isn’t |Colors |( |It’s / It’s not |
|We |are / aren’t |Preposition + places |( |We’re / We’re not |
|You|are / aren’t |Names / Objects |( |You’re / You’re not |
|They |are / aren’t |_________ old |( |They’re / They’re not |


E.g.: My brother and I are happy. ( We’re happy.
Tim is an architect. ( He’s an architect.
My mother isn’t at work now. ( She isn’t at work now.
Quito andGuayaquil are big cities. ( They’re big cities.

Yes / No Questions

|TO BE (AUX) |SUBJECT |COMPLEMENT | |AFFIRMATIVE |NEGATIVE |
| | | | |SHORT ANSWERS |SHORT ANSWERS |
|AM |I |Nationalities ||Yes, you are. |No, you aren’t. |
|ARE |you |From + country | |Yes, I am. |No, I’m not. |
|IS |he |Adjectives |? |Yes, he is. |No, he isn’t. |
|IS |she |Professions | |Yes, she is.|No, she isn’t. |
|IS |it |Colors | |Yes, it is. |No, it isn’t. |
|ARE |we |Preposition + places | |Yes, we / you are. |No, we / you aren’t. |
|ARE |you |Names / Objects | |Yes, we are. |No, wearen’t. |
|ARE |they |_________ old | |Yes, they are. |No, they aren’t. |

E.g.: Is John your father?
No, he isn’t my father. Tom is my father.
No, he isn’t.

Are they your friends?
Yes, they are my friends.
Yes, they’re. ( Incorrect! You can’t use contractions in short answers.
Yes, they are. ( Correct!EXERCISE ONE

1. SUBSTITUTE PERSONAL PRONOUNS FOR THE SUBJECT OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. USE CONTRACTIONS.


a. Cuenca is a beautiful city. ______________________________________
b. Mr. Wilson is from the United States. ______________________________________
c. Carl is 20 years old. ______________________________________
d. My parents areresponsible. ______________________________________
e. Josh and I are doctors. ______________________________________
f. Tom and you aren’t in classes. ______________________________________
g. Pelusa is a beautiful cat. ______________________________________
h. A bull is very strong. ______________________________________
i. Bulls are maltreated in...