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Italy i/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian:Repubblica italiana[note 1]), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Southern Europe. To the north, itborders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and manyother smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy coverssome 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.8 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in theworld.
Rome, the capital of Italy, has for centuries been a political and religious centre ofWestern civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of theRoman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later,Italy became the birthplace ofMaritime republics and the Renaissance. Through much of its post-Roman history, Italy was fragmented into numerous city and regional states (such as the Republic ofVeniceand the Church State), but was unified in 1861.[8] In the late 19th century, throughWorld War I, and to World War II, Italy possessed a col

Italia i / ɪtəli / (italiano: Italia [ita lja ː]),oficialmente la República Italiana (Italian: Repubblica italiana [nota 1]), es una república unitaria parlamentaria en el sur de Europa. Al norte, limita con Francia, Suiza, Austria y Eslovenia, a lo largo delos Alpes. Hacia el sur, se compone de la totalidad de la península italiana, Sicilia, Cerdeña, las dos grandes islas en el Mar Mediterráneo, y muchas otras islas más pequeñas. Los estados...