Analisis Temporal De Señales

A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
D. Sundararajan

John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd

A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
D. Sundararajan

John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd

Copyright © 2008

John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop, # 02-01, Singapore 129809

Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com AllRights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as expressly permitted by law, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate photocopy fee to the Copyright ClearanceCenter. Requests for permission should be addressed to the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809, tel: 65-64632400, fax: 65-64646912, email: enquiry@wiley.com.sg Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarksor registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. All trademarks referred to in the text of this publication are the property of their respective owners. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding thatthe Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 MarketStreet, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 42 McDougall Street, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 6045 Freemont Blvd, Mississauga, ONT, L5R 4J3, Canada Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available inelectronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sundararajan, D. Practical approach to signals and systems / D. Sundararajan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-82353-8 (cloth) 1. Signal theory (Telecommunication) 2. Signal processing. TKTK5102.9.S796 2008 621.382’23–dc22 ISBN 978-0-470-82353-8 (HB) Typeset in 11/13pt Times by Thomson Digital,Noida, India. Printed and bound in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd, Singapore. This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.

3. System analysis. I. Title.

2008012023

Contents
Preface Abbreviations 1 2 Introduction 1.1 The Organization of this BookDiscrete Signals 2.1 Classification of Signals 2.1.1 Continuous, Discrete and Digital Signals 2.1.2 Periodic and Aperiodic Signals 2.1.3 Energy and Power Signals 2.1.4 Even- and Odd-symmetric Signals 2.1.5 Causal and Noncausal Signals 2.1.6 Deterministic and Random Signals 2.2 Basic Signals 2.2.1 Unit-impulse Signal 2.2.2 Unit-step Signal 2.2.3 Unit-ramp Signal 2.2.4 Sinusoids and Exponentials 2.3Signal Operations 2.3.1 Time Shifting 2.3.2 Time Reversal 2.3.3 Time Scaling 2.4 Summary Further Reading Exercises Continuous Signals 3.1 Classification of Signals 3.1.1 Continuous Signals 3.1.2 Periodic and Aperiodic Signals 3.1.3 Energy and Power Signals xiii xv 1 1 5 5 5 7 7 8 10 10 11 11 12 13 13 20 21 21 22 23 23 23 29 29 29 30 31

3

vi

Contents

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.1.4 Even- and...