Annotated Alice

The Annotated Alice

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THE ANNOTATED

THE DEFINITIVE EDITION

Lewis Carroll

W • W • NORTON & COMPANY NEW YORK • LONDON

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The Annotated Alice

Copyright© 2000, 1990, 1988, 1960 by Martin Gardner Previous editions published as The Annotated Alice (1960) and MoreAnnotated Alice (1990) All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 The text of this book is composed in Devinne text, with the display set in Mona Lisa and Engravers Roman Composition by Allentown Digital Services Manufacturingby The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Book design by Antonina Krass Page makeup by Carole Desnoes Frontispiece: Posthumous painting of Lewis Carroll by Sir Hubert von Herkomer. Courtesy Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford.

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The Annotated Alice

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carroll, Lewis,1832-1898. [Alice's adventures in Wonderland] The annotated Alice : Alice's adventures in Wonderland & Through the looking-glass / by Lewis Carroll; with illustrations by John Tenniel; updated, with an introduction and notes by Martin Gardner. — Definitive ed. p. cm. This edition combines the notes of Gardner's 1960, The annotated Alice with his 1990 update, More annotated Alice, as well asadditional discoveries and updates drawn from Gardner's encyclopedic knowledge of the texts. It includes Tenniel's classic art with some recently discovered Tenniel pencil sketches. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-393-04847-0 1. Fantasy fiction, English. 2. Carroll, Lewis, 1832-1898. Alice's adventures in wonderland. 3. Carroll, Lewis, 1832-1898. Through the looking-glass. 4. Fantasyfiction, English—History and criticism. 5. Alice (Fictitious character : Carroll)—Fiction. 6. Alice (Fictitious character : Carroll) I. Gardner, Martin, 1914— . II. Tenniel, John, Sir, 1820-1914. III. Carroll, Lewis, 1832-1898. Through the lookingglass. IV Title: Through the looking-glass. V Title. VI. Title: Annotated Alice—the definitive edition PR4611 .A7 1999 823' .8—dc21 99-35647 CIP W. W. Norton& Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 www.wwnorton.com W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., 10 Coptic Street, London WC1A 1PU 34567890

To the thousands of readers of my Annotated Alice and More Annotated Alice who took the time to send letters of appreciation, and to offer corrections and suggestions for new notes.

CONTENTS

PREFACE TO THE DEFINITIVE EDITION OF The Annotated Alicexi INTRODUCTION TO The Annotated Alice xiii INTRODUCTION TO More Annotated Alice xxiii Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 3

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Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There 129 The Wasp in a Wig 275 ORIGINAL PENCIL SKETCHES BY TENNIEL 299 A NOTE ABOUT LEWIS CARROLL SOCIETIES 303 SELECTEDREFERENCES 305 ALICE ON THE SCREEN, BY DAVID SCHAEFER 309

Alice, Where Art Thou? Quaint child, old-fashioned Alice, lend your dream: I would be done with modern story-spinners, Follow with you the laughter and the gleam: Weary am I, this night, of saints and sinners. We have been friends since Lewis and old Tenniel Housed you immortally in red and gold. Come! Your naivete is a spring perennial: Letme be young again before I'm old. You are a glass of youth: this night I choose Deep in your magic labyrinths to stray, Where rants the Red Queen in her splendid hues And the White Rabbit hurries on his way. Let us once more adventure, hand in hand: Give me belief again—in Wonderland! —Vincent Starrett, in Brillig (Chicago: Dierkes Press, 1949)

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