Apa Style

American Psychological Association (APA) 6th edition style examples
APA style is an author-date citation style. It was developed mainly for use in psychology, but has also been adopted by other disciplines. There are two major components to the APA author-date style – the in-text author-date citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document, e.g. (Smith, 2010), and the detailedreference list at the end of the document. All in-text citations must have a corresponding reference list entry, and the converse applies for reference list entries. Use the following instructions and examples as guide for your own referencing using the APA style. This guide is based on more detailed information in:
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American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of theAmerican Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington D.C.: Author.

In text citing: General notes
• Insert an in-text citation: o When your work has been influenced by someone else’s work, for example: When you directly quote someone else’s work When you paraphrase someone else’s work The in-text citation consists of: o author surname(s) (in the order that they appear on the actual publication),followed by the year of publication of the source that you are citing. o Include page or paragraph numbers for direct quotes, and for paraphrasing where appropriate The in-text citation is placed immediately after the text which refers to the source being cited If quoting or citing a source which is cited within another, secondary reference, mention the source with the secondary reference details:e.g. Smith (as cited in Jones, 2010). Only the secondary reference should be included in the reference list.

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Reference list: General notes
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Begin your reference list on a new page and title it ‘References.’ Centre the title on the page. Double-space your reference list and have a hanging indent a hanging indent is where the first line of each reference is fully leftjustified while subsequent lines are indented to the right. The width of the hanging indent should be 5-7 spaces or 1.25 cm. Hanging indents and double spacing are set by the word processors

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All of the references in the reference list must also be cited in the text.
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Updated July 2010

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All references cited in text must also be included in the reference list (exceptions areunpublished items such as correspondence). List the references in alphabetical order by author surname/family name. Where there are two articles with the same authors and date, order the references alphabetically by article title and add a letter suffix to the year of publication (e.g. 2003a, 2003b…). Provide organisation names in full, unless they are obviously recognisable as abbreviations (e.g. APAfor American Psychological Association). Do not add full stops to URLs (e.g. http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/) Check the reference details against the actual source – you are indicating that you have read a source when you cite it. Be consistent with your referencing style across the document.

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Author layout guidance
Where a publication has: one author two authors three toseven authors eight or more authors – list first six authors, add three ellipses and the last author no author a group author List authors in the reference list as:
Author, A. A. Author, A. A., & Author B. B. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., & Author, G. G. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F.F.,…Author, Z. Z.

Transfer the title to the author space Spell the name out

Digital Object Identification (doi) and URLs:
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The digital object identifier (doi) is a unique identifier, and should be provided in the reference where it is available. This alphanumeric string is usually located on the first page with other referencing elements in both print and electronic articles. If no...