Aplicacion De Un Sig Sismos

Remote Sensing 2010, 2, 1364-1377; doi:10.3390/rs2051364
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Remote Sensing
ISSN 2072-4292 www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing Article

Use of Remote Sensing Data and GIS Tools for Seismic Hazard Assessment for Shallow Oilfields and its Impact on the Settlements at Masjed-i-Soleiman Area, Zagros Mountains, Iran
Hojjat Ollah Safari 1, Saied Pirasteh 2,4, Biswajeet Pradhan 2,3* andLadan Khedri Gharibvand 4
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Department of Geology, College of sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran; E-Mail: safari.ho@gmail.com Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; E-Mail: s.perasteh@putra.upm.edu.my Institute for Cartography, Faculty of Forestry, Hydro & Geosciences, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany Department ofCivil Engineering, Dezful Branch of Azad University, Dezful, Iran; E-Mail: rozhan2006@gmail.com

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: biswajeet.pradhan@mailbox.tudresden or biswajeet24@gmail.com; Tel.: +49-351-463 33099; Fax: +49-351-463 37028. Received: 10 March 2010; in revised form: 15 April 2010 / Accepted: 16 April 2010 / Published: 12 May 2010

Abstract:Masjed-i-Soleiman (MIS) is situated in the northern part of the Dezful embayment, which is in the Zagros fold–thrust belt with high seismic activities. MIS faces a shallow buried anticline, formed by the shallowest oilfield with a thick gas cap. The cap rocks of this oilfield are highly fractured, which has resulted in leakages from the gas cap. In this paper, we have used remote sensing techniques andimage interpretation for the identification of the Niayesh, Lahbari, Andika and MIS fault zones in the studied area. Further, the study exploited seismic potential mapping using the remote sensing techniques. The relationships between the structural controls and localized gas leakage are assessed within the GIS environment. Additionally, field observation data corroborated that the leakages (andseepages) are smashed within the intersection of Niayesh and MIS fault zone, which belongs to the high fractured hinge zone of the MIS anticline. As a result, the reactivation of these active faults may cause large earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of between 6.23 < Ms < 7.05 (Richter scale) and maximum horizontal acceleration 0.26 < a < 0.55 g. Finally, the authors concluded that this anticipatedearthquake may cause

Remote Sensing 2010, 2 large scale fracturing of cap rocks, releasing a large volume of H2S gas from the uppermost layer of the reservoir. Keywords: seismic hazard assessment; remote sensing; GIS; Zagros Mountain

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1. Introduction The Zagros Orogenic Belt of Iran is one of the most prolific petroliferous areas, approximating 12% of the proven global oil reserves.It is well documented that a major portion of the oil reserve in the Zagrous Orgenic Belt is contained within the reservoirs of the Asmari (Oligo-Miocene) and Bangestan Group (Upper Cretaceous) anticlinal structures [1]. In the folded belt of the Zagros Mountains, a sequence of Precambrian to Pliocene shelf sediments is deposited with a thickness of 12 km. This has undergone folding from theMiocene to more recent times [2]. Most of these sections (6,000–7,000 m), which form the Cambrian to Miocene rocks, represent a single structural lithological unit popularly known as the Competent group [2]. It is bounded by the detachment zones (above) and evaporite deposits (below). The main types of salt structures in the Persian Gulf Basin are salt domes, salt pillows, salt walls, saltpiercements, rim anticlines, turtleback structures, disharmonic folds, orogenic fold fillings and dissolution drapes [3]. Diapiric oil fields, which accounts for 60% of the 600 billion barrels of total oil reserves of the Persian Gulf Basin, have grown continuously since Late Jurassic-Permian. During the last decade, remote sensing and GIS techniques have been increasingly used for various applications in...