Aplicacion del ultrasonido

ISSN 1052 6188, Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability, 2009, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 566–571. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2009. Original Russian Text © V.K. Astashev, N.A. Andrianov, M.P. Kozochkin, L.V. Kolik, V.L. Krupenin, N.V. Solis Pinargote, 2009, published in Problemy Mashinostroeniya i Nadezhnosti Mashin, 2009, No. 6, pp. 52–58.

NEW TECHNOLOGY IN MACHINERY MANUFACTURE

On theImplementation of Ultrasonic Technology
V. K. Astashev, N. A. Andrianov, M. P. Kozochkin, L. V. Kolik, V. L. Krupenin, and N. V. Solis Pinargote
Moscow, Russia
Received August 17, 2009

Abstract—The results of processing various materials with autoresonance ultrasonic turning are pre sented. After the ultrasonic processing of metals, nanostructured near surface layers emerge that are responsiblefor the macromechanical characteristics of the material. The developed technology allows for the processing of various hard to machine materials with the obtainment of a surface of height ened geometrical and mechanical properties and with minimum power inputs and material capacity. DOI: 10.3103/S1052618809060089

1. Ultrasonic processing methods [1, 2] consist of the imposition of highfrequency (ultrasonic) vibra tions on machining tools. These methods are used in the processes of plastic deformation, metal cutting operation, wire and tube drawing, etc. By numerous experimental investigations, it was established that the imposition of ultrasonic vibrations leads to an essential decrease in the static forces needed to perform the technological process. These effects obtained anexplanation [3, 4] based on the analysis of nonlinear rheological models of technology processes. In parallel with this, in [5–7], it was shown that processing the surface by methods of ultrasonic plastic deformation, improving the surface quality, produced a nanostructured near surface layer with height ened mechanical characteristics like yield strength, breaking point, and hardness of the surface.However, it should be noted that obtaining of stable and predictable results of the ultrasonic processing is possible only during the realization of the most effective resonant modes under conditions of a varying technological load on an ultrasonic system from a treated product. Difficulties arising during this are caused by the nonlinearity of the technological load, which stimulates specificdistortions of the ampli tude–frequency characteristics of the vibratory system [8, 9]. These difficulties during the excitation and stabilization of the resonant modes can be eliminated by a transformation to a self sustained vibration cir cuit of excitation, which is realized with the introduction of a circuit of positive feedback. The circuit ful fils the formation of the driving force by means of thenonlinear transformation of a signal proportional to the motion of the working body of a machine. With a certain tuning, described as autoresonance, at any variations of the parameters of the vibratory system and technological load, the mode of self sustained vibrations with the maximum possible amplitude, i.e., the most effective resonant state, is conditioned automatically in the system [10].Let us show that owing to the high stability of operating modes, the use of autoresonance systems opens up wide new possibilities of ultrasonic technologies, which can be realistically described as autoresonance [11]. The present paper gives the description of the results of the autoresonance ultrasonic turning of var ious materials and systematizes the possibilities of this technology. 2. Let usconsider an autoresonance device for ultrasonic cutting (turning). The device is designed for reducing the cutting forces, turning hard to machine materials, enhancing the smoothness and quality of the surface of work pieces, and obtaining nanostructured surfaces during machining through lathes. The main areas of the application of the device are plants, the production activity of which is...