Arcelor

1. blast furnace
is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally iron.
In a blast furnace, fuel and ore are continuously supplied through the top ofthe furnace, while air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the bottom of the chamber, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material moves downward. Theend products is pig steel which is transported by torpedoes.

2. pig iron
is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux.3. Torpedoes
Torpedo ladles are commonly used to transport liquid iron from a blast furnace to another part of the steel mill. In our case it is transported from blast furnace to the converter.4. converter
carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. The process isknown as basic due to the pH of the refractories - calcium oxide and magnesium oxide - that line the vessel to withstand the high temperature of molten metal.
The basic oxygen steel-making process is asfollows:
1. Molten pig iron (sometimes referred to as "hot metal") from a blast furnace is poured into a large refractory-lined container called a ladle;
2. The metal in the ladle is sentdirectly for basic oxygen steelmaking or to a pretreatment stage. Pretreatment of the blast furnace metal is used to reduce the refining load of sulfur, silicon, and phosphorus. In desulfurising pretreatment, a lance is lowered into the molten iron in the ladle and several hundred kilograms of powdered magnesium are added. Sulfur impurities are reduced to magnesium sulfide in a violent exothermicreaction. The sulfide is then raked off. Similar pretreatment is possible for desiliconisation and dephosphorisation using mill scale (iron oxide) and lime as reagents. The decision to pretreat depends...