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First Permanent English Colony
14 May 1607

Jamestown was the first established English colony.

Jamestown[1] was a settlement in the Colony of Virginia, the first permanent English settlementin the Americas. Established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 14, 1607 (O.S., May 24, 1607 N.S.),[2] it followed several earlier failed attempts, including the Lost Colony ofRoanoke. Jamestown served as the capital of the colony for 83 years (from 1616 until 1699).
The settlement was located within the territory of a political entity known as Tsenacommacah, the state ofthe Powhatan Confederacy, with around 14,000 native inhabitants, and specifically was in part of the subdivision known as the Paspahegh tribe. The natives initially welcomed the colonists with dancing,feasting and tobacco ceremonies,[3] and they provided crucial provisions and support for the survival of the colonists, who were not agriculturally inclined, although relations with the newcomers alsosoured fairly early on, leading to the total annihilation of the Paspahegh in warfare within 3 years.
Within a year of Jamestown's founding, the Virginia Company brought Polish and Dutch coloniststo help improve the settlement.[4] In 1619, the first documented Africans were brought to Jamestown, though the modern conception of slavery in the future United States did not begin in Virginia until1660.[5] When the colony was subdivided into the original eight shires of Virginia in 1634, the town became located in the eponymous James City Shire.[6]
The London Company's second settlement,Bermuda, claims to be the site of the oldest town in the English New World, as St. George's, Bermuda was officially established (as New London) in 1612, whereas James Fort, in Virginia, was not to beconverted into James towne until 1619, and further did not survive into the present day.[7] In 1699, the capital was relocated from Jamestown to what is today Williamsburg, after which Jamestown ceased...