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Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.

Wastewater Engineering
Treatment and Reuse
(Fourth Edition)

George Tchobanoglous Franklin L. Burton H. David Stensel

Wastewater Engineering: An Overview
1-1
TERMINOL(X;Y 3

1·2
1-3

IMPAO OF REGUlATIONS ON WASTEWATER ENGINtERING 3
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAl CONCERNS IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 7 WAST EWATER CHARAOERISTICS 9 Improved Analyt1cal Techniques 10Importance oF Improved vVastewater Characterization

1-4

10

1-5

WASTEWATER TREAT MENT 10
Treatment Mefhods I I Current Status 12 New Directions ond Concerns 15 Future Trends in Wastewot¥ Treatment

20

1·6

WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE Current Status 21 New Directions and Concerns 2 1 Future Trends in Technology 21

20

1-7

BIOSOLIDS AND RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT 22 CurrentStatus 22 New Directions and Concerns 23 Future Trends in Biosolids Processing 23

REFERENCES 24

Every community produce" both liyuid and solid wastes and air emissions. The liquid
wastr-wastewater--i~ e~scntially the water supply of the community after it has been used in a variety ()f applic.

Table J-2 Summary of significant U.S.

Regulation
deon Water Act ICWA) (Federal WaterPollution Control Act Amendments of 1972/ Water Quality Act of 1987 IWQA) (Amendment of the CWA)

Description Establishes the Notional Pollution Discharge Elimination System INPDES), o permittin9 progrom bosed on uniform technological minimum standards for each discharger
Strnngthens federal water quality regulations by providing chonges in permitting and odds substantial penalties for permitv1o'ations. Amends solids control program by emphasizing rdentifiw tion ond regulation of toxic pollutants in sewage sludge
R~Julates the use and disposal of biosolids from wastewater treatment plants. Limitations ore established for items such as contaminants (mainly melolsl, pathogen content, ond vector

federal regulations
that affect wastewater management

40 CFR Part 503 ( 1993)

(SewageSludge Regulations)

attraction

Notional Combined Sewer
Overflow ICSO) Policy

1 1994)
dean Air Act of 1970 and
199{) Amendments

· Coordinates planning, .selection, design, end implementotion of CSO management prodices and controls to meet requiremenn of CWA. Nine minimum conko!s and development o~ longterm CSO control plans are required to be implemented
imrnediately

E !>tnblisheslrmitotions for specific air pollutonts and institutes pr('venlion of significant deterioration in air quality. Maximum ochievable control technology is required for ony of 189 listed chEJmicah. from "mo1or sources," i.e., plants emitting at least 60 kg/ d Establishes air emission limits for sludge incir1erators with capac1ties lorger than 1000 kg/ d {2200 lb/dl dry basis
R~1uires states to developprioritized lists of polluted or thmatened water bodi~s and to establish the maximum amount of polll.rtont (TMDLI thot a water body can reort 60 R

Toto! maximum dai~ load ITDMll (2000) Section 303\d} of the CWA

meet water quality standards

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I

Chapter 1 Wastewater Engineenng: Afl Overvu~w

Pur-;uant lu Section 304{d) of Publir Law 92-500 {see Table 1 -2). 1he U ~· ronmentalPrott:clioo Agency (l:.s . EPA) publi~hed its detioinon o1 minunum ·'. for secondary trcatmenl. Thi.~ ddinitiun, originally issued in 1973. wa~ ameno~ .. t9R5 to allow additional flexihilJty rn applytng the percem removal requirement" of pdhuants to treatment facilities ~en ing ...cpara(\! sewer system~. The definition of sel:onJ- ' at)· treatment is reported in Tabk l-3 and includes three major~ftluem parameter~ . .)day HOD_ TSS. and pH. Tht: ~uh!:-litution of 5~day carbonaceous BOD , certain mdustrial categorie!., ond less concentrated wastewater from separate sewers. for precise requHemenl~ of exreplio1'1s, F&derof Register !1988) should br! consulted.
t Not

d Averoge

lo be exceeded removal shall not be less than 85 percent.

-'Only enforced if cou$ed by industrial wostewoter or...