Articulo Acid

Sains Malaysiana 39(5)(2010): 761–764

Fatty Acid Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Malaysian
Castor Bean Ricinus communis L. Seed Oil
(Komposisi Asid Lemak dan Sifat Fizikokimia Minyak Biji Jarak Ricinus
communis L. Malaysia)
JuMAt SALiMOn*, DinA AzLeeMA MOhD nOOr, A.t. nAzrizAwAti,
M.Y. MOhD FirDAuS & A. nOrAiShAh

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The crude oil of Malaysian castor bean ricinuscommunis L. seed was extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane. The
physicochemical characteristics of castor bean oil were evaluated. The results showed that Malaysian castor seeds
contain a relatively high percentage of total lipids content; 43.3% (per dry weight), high iodine value (84.5 mg/g) and
saponification value (182.96 mg/g). The seed oil moisture content, acid value and free fattyacid percentage (% FFA)
were 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g and 3.4%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content were 97.5% of the total fatty
acids composition. Ricinoleic acid comprises over 84% while other fatty acids present were linoleic (7.3%), oleic (5.5%),
palmitic (1.3%), stearic (1.2%) and linolenic (0.5%), respectively. Five types of castor bean seed oil triacylglycerols
were identifiedas triricinolein, RRR (84.1%), diricinoleoylstearoylglycerol, RRS (8.2%), diricinoleoyloleoyl-glycerol, RRO
(5.6%), diricinoleoyllinoleoylglycerol, RRL (1.2%) and diricinoleoylpalmitoyl-glycerol, RRP (0.9%) respectively.
Keyword: Physicochemical properties; ricinus communis L; ricinoleic acid; triricinolein
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Minyak mentah biji ricinus communis L. telah diekstrak menggunakan pelarutheksana melalui kaedah Sokhlet. Sifatsifat fizikokimia minyak telah dikaji. Minyak biji jarak mempunyai peratusan lemak kasar per berat kering 43.3% dan
nilai iodin yang agak tinggi iaitu 84.5 mg/g serta nilai penyabunan, 182.96 mg/g. Kandungan kelembapan sampel, nilai
asid serta peratus asid lemak bebas masing-masing 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g, 3.4%. Komposisi asid lemak minyak jarak yang
diekstrakditentukan menggunakan Kromatografi gas (GC). Daripada keseluruhan asid lemak, peratusan asid risinoleik
adalah paling tinggi iaitu 84% manakala asid lemak lain yang hadir adalah linoleik (7.3%), oleik (5.5%), palmitik
(1.3%), stearik (1.2%) serta linolenik (0.5%). Kandungan asid lemak taktepu keseluruhan dalam minyak adalah 97.5%.
Sekurang-kurangnya lima triasilgliserol berbeza telah dikenalpastiiaitu masing-masing tririsinolein, RRR (84.1%),
dirisinoleoilstearoilgliserol, RRS (8.2%), dirisinoleoiloleoilgliserol, RRO (5.6%), dirisinoleoillinoleoilgliserol, RRL (1.2%)
dan dirisinoleoilpalmitoilgliserol, RRP (0.9%).
Kata kunci: asid risinoleik; ricinus communis L; sifat fizikokimia; tririsinolein
intrODuCtiOn
Castor bean is cultivated for the seeds which yield viscous,
pale yellownon-volatile and non-drying oil. it has been
used only for industrial and medicinal purposes (Ogunniyi
2006; ramos et al 1984). it is widely used as a human
laxative-cathartic agent, particularly in cases of certain
radiological examinations which require prompt and
thorough evacuation of the small intestine (Stubiger et al.
2003; Duke 1983). its botanical name is Ricinus communis
L of the familyeurphorbiaceae, a plant indigenous to many
parts of the world. Castor oil is one of the few naturally
occurring glycerides with high purity, since the fatty acid
portion is nearly 90% of ricinoleic (Akpan et al. 2006).
the oil is not only a naturally-occuring resource, it is also
inexpensive and environmentally friendly. relative to
other vegetable oil, it has a good shelf life. however, tokept the quality of the oil, it cannot be left to freeze while
kept in storage.
Castor oil has been used for coating fabrics and other
protective coverings, in the manufacture of high-grade
lubricants, transparent typewriter and printing inks, in
textile dyeing (when converted into sulfonated Castor
Oil or turkey red Oil), in leather preservation and in the
production of ‘Rilson’, a...