Asdfasdf

1. Text-is a UNIT OF CULTURAL INFORMATION, containing valuable data about the mentality, attitudes, aesthetic tastes and view of the world of those who create these “texts,” just like a novel or other printed literary work also contains data about the mentality, attitudes, aesthetic tastes and worldview of its author.
2. Intertextuality-is a phrase coined by theorist Julia Kristeva, who arguesthat no text is ever produced in isolation from other surrounding texts, be these printed, visual, auditory, or architectural. Therefore, a text is never a completely “original” creation, for it is produced under the direct or indirect influence of other previous or contemporaneous texts.
3. Polyvalent texts- is when the text has many meanings and is subject to the interpretation of the reader’spoint of view.
4. Monovalent Texts- the text has only one meaning and it is not for interpretation.
5. Textual "Gaps"-missing information that the reader must fill in.
6. Yarn- consisted of a speaker addressing an immediate audience in which the narrator is a key figure, as he interacts with the listeners and is interrupted frequently with questions and extraneous remarks, as the storyadvances, and questioning whether the narrator believes in his own story, eventually the audience will doubt the YARN and suspect that it is all an elaborate hoax, because of all of the hyperbole, outrageous events, ironic humor, and implausible conclusions contained in the narrative.
7. Tall Tale-is a narrative which is generally humorous, featuring preposterous situations, unbelievable characters,and has a better organized plot than the YARN.
8. Parable- a didactic narrative usually in prose, that presents some spiritual or moral concept.
9. Myths- are also ancient narratives, originating in oral form throughout the world, and explaining the creation of the universe, the ways of the gods and the glories of ancestral figures.
10. Legend-is a narrative related to the myth in which is moreclosely related to history than to the supernatural.
11. Sketch- expository prose work describing a scene or character
12. Anecdote- brief, often humorous narrative relating a real life occurrence to a person or place
13. Fable- often features animals as characters, each of which emphasize or satirize some dominant human trait.
14. Plot- is what happens in a narrative. It refers to certainpatterns and causal relationships among events.
15. Characterization-is the author’s presentation and development of the characters.
16. round/flat-two descriptive categories of characters.
17. dynamic/static-two types of character development.
18. protagonist/antagonist-two types of character conflict
19. Method of Presentation-there is two methods of presentation direct and indirect. In thedirect method, the author simply explains how the character is in terms of external and internal characteristics and in the indirect method the author allows the character to reveal him/herself through internal/external details, actions, thoughts and relationships.
20. Setting-is time and place where the action of the story takes place. It’s the physical, sensuous world of the work, which includesthe atmosphere that is the emotional reaction of the characters to the setting of the work. The social environment which includes the manners, customs and moral values influencing the characters’ lives and lastly the time that includes both the immediate time and the historical period in which the story takes place .
*21. The Four Thematic Areas

22. Symbolism- refers to the use of a concreteobject or item to represent a value, an idea, a yearning, and so forth. There are two types of symbols: Public Symbols, are those which are universally recognizable (example: the cross representing Christianity) and Private Symbols are those which have a personal significance (example: a personal item of sentimental value).
23. Theme- is the main idea or purpose of the story, which answers the...