Aviacion Definicion De Alar

InFO 08029 Supportive Information
Background:
A. Definition. The term approach and landing accidents applies to accidents occurring
during a visual approach, during an instrument approach after passing the intermediate approach
fix (IAF), or during the landing maneuver. This term also applies to accidents occurring when
circling or when beginning a missed approach procedure.
B. NewTraining Materials. The Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST), of which the
FAA is a member, identified through accident analysis that Approach and Landing Accident
Reduction (ALAR) is one initiative with a particularly high potential for safety gains through
effective flightcrew training. CAST member working groups developed training materials
targeting ALAR. The efforts of those groups resultedin effective training materials now
available to the public.
C. A Generic ALAR Training Tool.
(1) Acting apart from CAST, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued a
number of interrelated safety recommendations. They recommended a joint governmentindustry task force to develop a pilot training tool to advance ALAR. Such a training tool
would address at least the followingsub-topics:
•
•
•

Stabilized approach
Hazards during landings
Orientation toward a pro-active go-around

(2) In fact, not one but three joint task forces convened, each composed of representatives
of manufacturers, operators, pilot labor organizations, and the FAA. Each task force
developed a training tool with its own focus and style. Taken together, these three
training tools cover thespecific topics named in NTSB recommendations A-00-93, A-0094, and A-00-99, and many other topics. These tools are:
(a) FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 120-71A (as amended). Developed by a joint
task force headed by the FAA, under CAST.
(b) ATA ALAR Training Guide. Developed by a joint task force headed by the Air
Transport Association (ATA), under CAST (See Appendix 1).
(c) FSF ALAR Toolkit.Developed by a joint task force headed by the Flight
Safety Foundation (FSF).
D. Specialized Training in Landing DC-10 and MD-11 Airplanes. The NTSB recommended
that operators of the DC-10 and MD-11 provide their pilots with information and training
regarding the ground spoiler knockdown feature and its effects on landing. The Boeing Company
has responded by issuing supplementary materialaddressing those topics in the form of a

temporary revision to the DC-10, MD-10, and MD-11 flightcrew operating manuals (FCOM) for
those airplanes.
Discussion: The following training materials are recommended for use in flightcrew training.
A. FAA AC 120-71A, (as amended), Standard Operating Procedures for Flightdeck Crew
Members. AC 120-71A, (as amended) emphasizes that safe operations arefounded upon
clear, comprehensive written standard operating procedures (SOP) readily available in
the manuals used by flightdeck crew members. The value of those manuals, in turn,
depends upon continual revisions and the inclusion of manufacturers’ safety
recommendations. AC 120-71A, (as amended) incorporates an SOP template as
Appendix 1, and detailed guidance regarding Stabilized Approach asAppendix 2.
Stabilized approach is one of the key features of safe approaches and landings (See
http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/M
ainFrame?OpenFrameSet).
B. ATA ALAR Training Guide. CAST member organizations, including the FAA and ATA,
unanimously recommended the use of this training guide (See Appendix 1, Approach and
Landing AccidentReduction (ALAR) Training Guide).
C. FSF ALAR Toolkit. The FSF-led task force distributed the copyrighted ALAR Toolkit to
all FSF members, major airplane manufacturers, and other manufacturers along with a strong
recommendation from CAST that the ALAR Toolkit be used in connection with the other
training materials mentioned in this bulletin. The FSF clearly expressed its explicit permission
for...