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Database
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies).
The term database is correctly applied to the data and theirsupporting data structures, and not to the database management system(DBMS). The database data collection with DBMS is called a database system.
The term database system implies that the data are managed to some level of quality (measured in terms of accuracy, availability, usability, and resilience) and this in turn often implies the use of a general-purpose database management system (DBMS).[1] Ageneral-purpose DBMS is typically a complex software system that meets many usage requirements to properly maintain its databases which are often large and complex. The utilization of databases is now so widespread that virtually every technology and product relies on databases and DBMSs for its development and commercialization, or even may have DBMS software embedded in it. Also, organizationsand companies, from small to large, depend heavily on databases for their operations.
Well known DBMSs include FoxPro, IBM DB2, Linter, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL andSQLite. A database is not generally portable across different DBMS, but different DBMSs can inter-operate to some degree by usingstandards like SQL and ODBC together to support a singleapplication built over more than one database. A DBMS also needs to provide effective run-time execution to properly support (e.g., in terms of performance, availability, and security) as many database end-users as needed.
A way to classify databases involves the type of their contents, for example: bibliographic, document-text, statistical, or multimedia objects. Another way is by their applicationarea, for example: accounting, music compositions, movies, banking, manufacturing, or insurance.
The term database may be narrowed to specify particular aspects of organized collection of data and may refer to the logical database, to the physical database as data content in computer data storage or to many other database sub-definitions.
History
[edit]Database concept
The databaseconcept has evolved since the 1960s to ease increasing difficulties in designing, building, and maintaining complexinformation systems (typically with many concurrent end-users, and with a large amount of diverse data). It has evolved together withdatabase management systems which enable the effective handling of databases. Though the terms database and DBMS define different entities, they areinseparable: a database's properties are determined by its supporting DBMS. The Oxford English dictionarycites[citation needed] a 1962 technical report as the first to use the term "data-base." With the progress in technology in the areas ofprocessors, computer memory, computer storage and computer networks, the sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grownin orders of magnitudes. For decades it has been unlikely that a complex information system can be built effectively without a proper database supported by a DBMS. The utilization of databases is now spread to such a wide degree that virtually every technology and product relies on databases and DBMSs for its development and commercialization, or even may have such embedded in it. Also,organizations and companies, from small to large, heavily depend on databases for their operations.
No widely accepted exact definition exists for DBMS. However, a system needs to provide considerable functionality to qualify as a DBMS. Accordingly its supported data collection needs to meet respective usability requirements (broadly defined by the requirements below) to qualify as a database. Thus, a...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies).
The term database is correctly applied to the data and theirsupporting data structures, and not to the database management system(DBMS). The database data collection with DBMS is called a database system.
The term database system implies that the data are managed to some level of quality (measured in terms of accuracy, availability, usability, and resilience) and this in turn often implies the use of a general-purpose database management system (DBMS).[1] Ageneral-purpose DBMS is typically a complex software system that meets many usage requirements to properly maintain its databases which are often large and complex. The utilization of databases is now so widespread that virtually every technology and product relies on databases and DBMSs for its development and commercialization, or even may have DBMS software embedded in it. Also, organizationsand companies, from small to large, depend heavily on databases for their operations.
Well known DBMSs include FoxPro, IBM DB2, Linter, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL andSQLite. A database is not generally portable across different DBMS, but different DBMSs can inter-operate to some degree by usingstandards like SQL and ODBC together to support a singleapplication built over more than one database. A DBMS also needs to provide effective run-time execution to properly support (e.g., in terms of performance, availability, and security) as many database end-users as needed.
A way to classify databases involves the type of their contents, for example: bibliographic, document-text, statistical, or multimedia objects. Another way is by their applicationarea, for example: accounting, music compositions, movies, banking, manufacturing, or insurance.
The term database may be narrowed to specify particular aspects of organized collection of data and may refer to the logical database, to the physical database as data content in computer data storage or to many other database sub-definitions.
History
[edit]Database concept
The databaseconcept has evolved since the 1960s to ease increasing difficulties in designing, building, and maintaining complexinformation systems (typically with many concurrent end-users, and with a large amount of diverse data). It has evolved together withdatabase management systems which enable the effective handling of databases. Though the terms database and DBMS define different entities, they areinseparable: a database's properties are determined by its supporting DBMS. The Oxford English dictionarycites[citation needed] a 1962 technical report as the first to use the term "data-base." With the progress in technology in the areas ofprocessors, computer memory, computer storage and computer networks, the sizes, capabilities, and performance of databases and their respective DBMSs have grownin orders of magnitudes. For decades it has been unlikely that a complex information system can be built effectively without a proper database supported by a DBMS. The utilization of databases is now spread to such a wide degree that virtually every technology and product relies on databases and DBMSs for its development and commercialization, or even may have such embedded in it. Also,organizations and companies, from small to large, heavily depend on databases for their operations.
No widely accepted exact definition exists for DBMS. However, a system needs to provide considerable functionality to qualify as a DBMS. Accordingly its supported data collection needs to meet respective usability requirements (broadly defined by the requirements below) to qualify as a database. Thus, a...
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