Backgrounds

| Algeria | | Libya |
| Angola | | Mexico (United Mexican States) |
| Argentina | | Nigeria |
| Austria | | Pakistan |
| Belarus | | Philippines |
| Belgium | | Republic of Korea |
| Benin | | Romania |
| Brazil | | Russian Federation |
| Canada | | Saudi Arabia(kingdom of) |
| Chile | | Sudan |
| China | | Thailand |
| Comoros | | Turkey |
| Cuba || Ukraine |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
| El Salvador | | United States of America 2012 |
| Germany | | Uruguay 2011 |
| Ghana | | Afghanistan (Islamic Republic of) {observatory} |
| India | | French Republic{observatory} |
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | | Italy{observatory} |
| Japan | | DemocraticPeople's Republic of Korea{observatory} |
| Kenya | | Somali Republic{observatory} |

Topic A) Money-laundering caused by the Copyright Infringement. Possible rethinking of the United States of America’s laws “Stop Online Piracy Act” (SOPA) and Protect IP Act (PIPA) in such a way Repercussion in society will be accepted; implementation in others counties.

Topic B) Criminal justice reform inAfghanistan in face of corruption. The reform covers: Police reform, Access to legal defence and legal aid, Prison reform and alternatives to imprisonment

Topic C) Equal justice in the criminal prosecution of juveniles. Situation in United States, Somalia, Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.


Topic A) Money-laundering caused by the Copyright Infringement. Possible rethinking of the United Statesof America’s laws “Stop Online Piracy Act” (SOPA) and Protect IP Act (PIPA) in such a way Repercussion in society will be accepted; implementation in others counties.
Money is the prime reason for engaging in almost any type of criminal activity. Money-laundering is the method by which criminals disguise the illegal origins of their wealth and protect their asset bases, so as to avoid thesuspicion of law enforcement agencies and prevent leaving a trail of incriminating evidence.
Most disturbing of all, money-laundering fuels corruption and organized crime. Corrupt public officials need to be able to launder bribes, kick-backs, public funds and, on occasion, even development loans from international financial institutions. Organized criminal groups need to be able to launder theproceeds of drug trafficking and commodity smuggling. Terrorist groups use money-laundering channels to get cash to buy arms. The social consequences of allowing these groups to launder money can be disastrous. Taking the proceeds of crimes from corrupt public officials, traffickers and organized crime groups is one of the best ways to stop criminals in their tracks.
In recent years, the internationalcommunity has become more aware of the dangers that money-laundering poses in all these areas and many Governments and jurisdictions have committed themselves to taking action. The United Nations and other international organizations are committed to helping them in any way they can.
Criminals are now taking advantage of the globalization of the world economy by transferring funds quickly acrossinternational borders.
A copyright infringement or violation of copyright is an unauthorized or prohibited use of works covered by copyright laws, as the right to copy, reproduce or make derivative works.
The scope of protection of the works is governed internationally by the Berne Convention, which establishes a minimum term of 50 years after the author's death. The way we should treat the lawthese violations is a topic of controversy in many countries around the world.
Copied music downloading is legal in some countries in the context of copyright, such as Canada, Netherlands, Spain and Panama, provided that the songs are not sold .
The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) is a United States bill introduced by U.S. Representative Lamar S. Smith to expand the ability of U.S. law...