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Isaac Newton
Inmechanics, Newton enunciated the principles of conservation of bothmomentumandangular momentum. Inoptics, he built the first practicalreflecting telescopeand developed a theoryofcolorbased on the observation that aprismdecomposeswhite light into the many colors which form thevisible spectrum. He also formulated an empiricallaw of coolingand studied thespeed of sound.
Inmathematics, Newton shares the credit withGottfried Leibnizfor thedevelopmentof the differential and integralcalculus. He also demonstrated thegeneralized binomial theorem, developed the so-called "Newton'smethod" for approximating the zeroes of a function, and contributed to the study ofpower series.
Newton's stature among scientists remains at the very top rank, as demonstrated by a 2005 survey ofscientists in Britain'sRoyal Societyasking who had the greater effect on thehistory of science, Newton orAlbert Einstein. Newton was deemed the more influential.
Newton was also highly religious,producing more work onBiblical hermeneuticsthan the natural science he is remembered for today.


Albert Einstein
Einstein publishedmore than 300 scientific worksand more than 150 non-scientificworks. In 1999Timemagazine named him thePerson of the Century, and in the words of a biographer, "to the scientifically literate and the public at large, Einstein is synonymous with genius. In the periodbefore World War II, Albert Einstein was so well-known in America that he would be stopped on the street by people wanting him to explain "that theory." He finally figured out a way to handle theincessant inquiries. He told his inquirers "Pardon me, sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein."
Albert Einstein has been the subject of or inspiration for many novels, films, and plays.Einstein is a favorite model for depictions ofmad scientistsandabsent-minded professors; his expressive face and distinctive hairstyle have been widely copied and exaggerated.Timemagazine's Frederic...