Bienvenidos
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Fundamentos de bases de datos
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Capítulo 1
! 3 9 < -
, 9
0
9 ; , , = > 9 ! ! , ! 3 , " < ( 9 ( ( ( 3 0 9 9 , 9 " < =" 9 < , , , 3 0 9
(
" ! 0 "
, 0 9 > 7
9 , 9 " ; , 0 , 9 , ( ! , 9 ?9 ( ! , 9 3 < , = "
9 , ("
9 !
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9 0
9, 0 0 ( " ,
9
9 0 9 ,3 9 ! 9 , " , 9( < ( ,
, ! @
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! ! 3 " ( 0 0 < '
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0 -
9 3
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9
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0 , ?
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, A " ( 9 ! , 3
9 B , , ! "
? 9 <
* , 0 %! • 0 = ' , * ( ? ? ! ,! " = ( % &
@ ! 3 , 9 , > # ( , ( 9 9 , > 79 *
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9
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9
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=
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9 !
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( " J * K , * 3 ? , 9 > + ) ( - ! 6 %= ! M/ 78 * !
K 4) 4 15 2 3 1$
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9 = 5+#9 = 1#9 = 1#9 = 5# 9 , ! > 3 9 9 ( 9 09 9" ( ! 9 * " ( 5 ! LL 9 0 3 , 2 3 1$L$ 55 55L ! L 9L 9L ' 3 ? 9
0 !
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* 9 0 ! =
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: 9 ,
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! ! . @ 9" ( 9 , . 8 * #9-# P = ! " 8 = = " 9 @2 " P" Q# = 8 ! 8 *9#9-# ' Q9 " P ; 2 0 ( @ * # -# Q ; 9 ? % ( : 9" 8 0 #
< * P ,9 ( 0 > = " 9 = P 8 > " #" ? ! 3 , 0 Q 0
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= 2@
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+ /
7 9 9" ( " * J " " ( 0 "
0'
! 0, ! < " 7 " 0 ! 9 @2 " = 0 9 "
-
! 0 0 9
9 (
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#
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9
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$/ . C C C . . < 3
3 79 ! 9 ! @ / #> !9 ,
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9 3 ( < , , " ( , 9 0 -/ : , ! ( , < , ,
+ + 5+ + + + 5+ 5+ 8 2; + R 1R 5++1 5R +R 5++ 5R R 5++ + R 5++1 +$R +R R + 5++1 +5R R + 5++1 < $& S +++ 4 S 1++ 4 S 1++ 4 S +++ 4 S 1++ 4 S 1++ 4
9 ! < ( " ( 7
> ! # 9
"! ( #9
> = 0 $ 9" 3 ( ( : 9
,
= 9 3 , = 9 9
( " ?,
+
, (
9
* ,
! > ? 9
$/ . C C C . . < 3
3 ( (
; / 2 51 & 5 $ 1 4& 5 $ 1 4& 5 $ 1 4& $) &4 1 $) &4 1 + + + 5 5+ 1 1+ 4+ 4+ 5+ + 1 + ) 1+ +
, , 7 9
+ + 5+ + + + 5+ 5+
, 0
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8 2; + R 1R 5++1 5R +R5++ 5R R 5++ + R 5++1 +$R + R R + 5++1 +5R R + 5++1
= ! ! ?
< $& S +++ 4 S 1++ 4 S 1++ 4 S +++ 4 S 1++ 4 S 1++ 4
+ $/ 4) 4 1 $1 5 $1 5 $1 5 &+51 )&4 &+51 )&4
, Q , P9 P
(
> < 9 0 : , 0 3 , 0 3 9? 0 #* #* 9 * 0 ! , 9 > ! : ! ! ! > 9 , =9 3( 9 " : 9 3 0 ! , " 7 ! 3 ! "
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Capítulo 3
6* , %! ( 0 , " 0 %2
6 9
" * ! !# " ! 0 ! ,I ,
! , ( K 0 U ! @ , , = ? 0 TU 9 9 (9 9 " 9 ( 9 ( " ! ^N#
1+++ 2 ( " T 2 *
6 : + ' 5&
!
1+++ ++ ++++ ++
#. 0 , 3
!
, ! ! 0 ( ! * ]9 ^9 ^N9 ]N9 N9 ]^ 9 9 F9 F I 9 I 9 3 @ 9 9 NL K 1++ " ( 9 0 " ! L ! N# 9 0 9 ( , 9 ( " >
. ! . / ! *
@
: ,
J
! K / 78 ^N 1+++ " 9 0 ! ^N# < @
* "
1
111+++ ++
6 6
+Y 5+ Y
11+++ ++ 1+++ ++
2 * !
( ( ( < 8 / 78
0 !
. 0
=
3 K 9 9 "" ! ,, < 9
" ! W -
< K K 0@
_ W
`_ 9 9
39 , W` _ W 9
3 ! > W`
( L WL
-
6 6 :
+Y 5+ Y 5+ Y
11+++ ++ 1+++ ++ +++++ ++
* , * !
0 K / 78 ++++ ! 9
! " 9 +++++ "
!
"
6 : + ' 5& : 5+ Y
!
1+++ ++ ++++ ++ +++++ ++
2'** 2'**
*
3 9 9 3 3 , ! 0 K 9 ! "
!
( ! ( ! '
, N#
.
!
/ 78 0@
L
L 9L
L #
6 6 :
1 +Y 5+ Y...
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