Biodiversity and livehoods

The Governance of Nature and the Nature of Governance:
Policy that works for biodiversity and livelihoods

Krystyna Swiderska with Dilys Roe Linda Siegele Maryanne Grieg-Gran

The Governance of Nature and the Nature of Governance: Policy that works for biodiversity and livelihoods

Krystyna Swiderska, with Dilys Roe, Linda Siegele, Maryanne Grieg-Gran

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Acknowledgements
Theauthors are grateful to SwedBio (the Swedish International Biodiversity Program funded by Sida) and the UNDP/Equator Initiative for their financial support. A big thank-you to Sonja Vermeulen (IIED) and Maria Berlekom (SwedBio) for their useful comments on the draft. A special thanks also to our country partners who helped organise, conduct and write up the country case studies, in particular: •Tanzania: Faustin Maganga (Institute of Resource Assessment, IRA), Tom Blomley and David Howlett • India: Neema Pathak, Madhu Sarin, Tejaswini Apte, Kanchi Kohli, Ashish Kothari and Seema Bhatt • Peru: Micha Torres, Alejandro Argumedo and Inti Montenegro (ANDES) and Maria Luisa del Rio (CONAM) Thanks also to Michel Pimbert (IIED) for his guidance, Joy Hyvarinen (FIELD) for comments on the draft, andto James Mayers and Steve Bass for their advice in the early stages. Finally, we would also like to thank Fiona Hall for editing the draft, Richard Scarborough and Piers Aitman for design and layout, Catherine Baker and Alessandra Giuliani for their help with compiling references, and Vanessa Mcleod-Kourie and Khanh Tran-Thanh for helping coordinate the production process.

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Acronyms andabbreviations
ABS BMC CBD CBNRM CBO CCA CGIAR CITES CONAM COP CTE CWM DBS DDS DFID EIA FDI FAO FRA Access and benefit sharing Biodiversity Management Committees (India) Convention on Biological Diversity Community-based natural resource management Community-based organisation Community conserved areas Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Convention on International Trade inEndangered Species of Fauna and Flora The National Commission for Environment (Peru) Conference of Parties (to the CBD) World Trade Organisation’s Committee on Trade and Environment Community wildlife management Direct budget support Deccan Development Society UK Department for International Development Environmental impact assessment Foreign direct investment Food and Agriculture Organisation of theUnited Nations The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (India) Free trade agreement Global Environment Facility Genetically modified organism High yielding varieties Inter-Governmental Committee on Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore Inter-governmental organisation International Indigenous Forum on BiodiversityInternational Labour Organisation International Monetary Fund The National Institute for Natural Resources (Peru) Intellectual property rights International Union for Conservation of Nature Joint forest management Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Millennium Development Goals Multilateral environmental agreements National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (Tanzania) USD WIPO WLPA WSSD WTO UNDPUNEP UNFCCC UNPFII UPOV PFM PIC PoWPA PRSP PTPA RH SBB SEZ SPS TANAPA TK TRIPS NBA NBSAP Norad NR NTFP OECD PA PBR PDS PESA National Biodiversity Authority (India) National biodiversity strategy and action plan Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Natural resources Non-timber forest product Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Protected area People’s biodiversity registerPublic Distribution System (India) Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (India) Participatory forest management Prior informed consent Programme of Work on Protected Areas (CBD) Poverty reduction strategy paper US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement Resident hunting (Tanzania) State Biodiversity Boards (India) Special economic zone (India) Sanitary and phytosanitary measures Tanzania...