Byzantine Empire

VOCABULARY
Wielded: To exercise authority or influence effectively. (p.2)
Backwardness: Behind others in progress or development. (p.2)
Turmoil: A state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or tumult, violent or confused movement; agitation. Disturbance usually in protest. (p.2)
Amassed: To accumulate or assemble a large quantity of. (p.2)
Claimants: A party that makes a claim. (p.4)Sown: Plant set in the soil for growth. (p.4)
Ark: Bible The boat built by Noah for survival during the Flood. (p. 4)
Carved: To divide into pieces by cutting. (p.5)
Regarded: To hold in esteem or respect. (p.5)
Senate: An assembly or a council of citizens having the highest deliberative and legislative functions in a government. (p.5)
Launched: To set going; initiate. (p.5 )
Laid:Disposed or placed in a particular kind of order. (p.6)
Siege: The offensive operations carried out to capture a fortified place by surrounding it, severing its communications and supply lines, and deploying weapons against it. (p.6)
Boundaries: Something that indicates a border or limit. (p.6)
Realms: A community or territory over which a sovereign rules; a kingdom.(p.7)
Warlike: Of or relating towar; martial.(p.7)
Ceased: To put an end to; discontinue. (p.7)
Withdrew: To retreat from a battlefield. (p.7)
Plundered: To seize wrongfully or by force; steal. (p.8)
Raid: A surprise attack by a small armed force. (p.8)
Domain: A territory over which rule or control is exercised.(P.10)
Knights: Military operations marked by a specific characteristic. (p.10)
Withdrawal: Retreat of amilitary force in the face of enemy attack or after a defeat. (p.11)
Void: A feeling or state of emptiness, loneliness, or loss. (p.11)
Plunged: To become suddenly lower; decrease dramatically. (p.11)
Vile: Contemptibly low in worth or account; second-rate. (p.12)
Wedlock: The state of being married. (p.12)
Scorn: . To reject or refuse with derision. (p.12)
Kinship: Connection by blood, marriage,or adoption; family relationship.(p.13)

Summary
Geographical World at the time of the Crusades
There have been a great variety of problems between Asia , Europe and Middle East because they are different in many ways like their beliefs, religion among others. This problem rose to its highest peak when Urban II, the pope of the Catholic Church called for a Crusade in the Middle East to claimthe Christianity in the Holy city of Jerusalem.
The nations and people of Europe, Western Asia, and the Middle East
These nations shared a particular interest in the holy places that surrounded the city of Jerusalem, Islam, Jews , Europeans, Byzantine Empire took an important role in this Crusades.
Europe in 1905
The version of Christianity that dominated Europe was the Christian church, which means that the pope was the highest person in the power , even more powerful than the king . The countries of Europe used to conduct its affair in Latin because it became the common language . This group of European countries were called” The Latin Christendom”
The Byzantine Empire
This culture was basically constructed from the parts that remain from the Roman Empire , its namecomes from its antique capital Byzantium. They were more unified so they became more powerful than other regions. They practiced the Eastern Orthodox or Greek Orthodox even though Greek was their primary language , there were others . After the end of the Roman Empire many East countries developed a rich and complex culture.
Islam
Their members are called Muslims , they were the dominating regionof the Middle East, their principal city is Mecca. The Turks became powerful so they conquered Muslim nations.
The Jews
Jews were seen different by others because they weren´t concentrated in one region, and they had the ability to preserve their cultural beliefs, language(Hebrew) and traditions. Jews were subjected to harsh persecution principally in the West.
Claimants to the Holy Land...