Cancer de colon en ingles

Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) grows within the colon and rectum. CRC is the type of cancer that can be studied in a lab and it’s a great example of a disease in which specificgenetic mutations that confers a large increase in susceptibility. “It develops via an accumulation of many genetic and molecular changes arising within initially normal mucosa. The cumulative changescause mucosal instability leading to premalignant polyps and eventually cancers” (Messick et al. 2008). Colon cancer is highly curable if caught in early stages but if it is left untreated it can growthrough the intestinal wall and spread to other vital parts of the body and become terminal. Symptoms may vary between people, some might show no symptoms at all in the early stages and others mayinclude change in bowel movements, bloating and abdominal discomfort or pain, intestinal obstruction and rectal bleeding. CRC can be detected and diagnosed by fecal occult blood tests, colonoscopies,virtual colonoscopies, and/or barium X-ray of the colon (Ivanovich 1999). Treatment varies by the stage of the disease but it is mostly surgical combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (only forrectal cancer) (Ivanovich 1999).
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in adults. CRC occurs in 150,000 people and kills another 60,000 people each year in the United States. Most coloncancers are not hereditary, but about 5% of the population (one person in twenty) with colon cancer will have a lot of relatives with the expression of this disease therefore this 5% is consideredhereditary. There are two types of hereditary colon cancer. The first one is called Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). The second one is called Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC). From thetotal colon cancer population, less than one percent is related to FAP and 3-5% is related to HNPCC (Messick and Church 2009). These two types of colon cancer are very different even though both types...