Ciencia De La Computación (En Inglés)

BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

MINISTRY OF THE POPULAR POWER FOR THE HIGHER EDUCATION

EDUCATIVE UNIT “RAFAEL ARÉVALO GONZÁLEZ”

NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN “MISIÓN SUCRE”

FIRST PERIOD, THIRD JOURNEY











THE COMPUTER SCIENCE















|TEACHER: |PUPIL:|
|Prof. María Hernández |Ruiz Morales, Eduardo Roberto |
| |C.I. V-14.990.949 |


September 27, 2007





ORIGINAL ENGLISH TEXT:

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Computerscience, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. [1][2][3] Computer science has many sub-fields; some emphasize the computation of specific results (such as computer graphics), while others relate to properties of computational problems (such as computational complexity theory).Still others focus on the challenges in implementing computations. For example, programming language theory studies approaches to describing computations, while computer programming applies specific programming languages to solve specific computational problems with solutions. A further subfields, human-computer interaction, focuses on the challenges in making computers and computations useful,usable and universally accessible to people.

Contents

• 1 History

• 2 Mayor achievements

• 3 Relationship with other fields

• 4 Fields of computer science

• 4.1 Mathematical foundations

• 4.2 Theory of computation

• 4.3 Algorithms and data structures

• 4.4 Programming languages and compilers

• 4.5 Concurrent, parallel,and distributed systems

• 4.6 Software engineering

• 4.7 System architecture

• 4.8 Communications

• 4.9 Databases

• 4.10 Artificial intelligence

• 4.11 Visual rendering (Or Computer graphics)

• 4.12 Human-Computer Interaction

• 4.13 Scientific computing

• 5 Computer science education

• 6 See also• 7 References

• 8 External links

1. History

The history of computer science predates the invention of the modern digital computer by many centuries. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks, such as the abacus, haveexisted since antiquity. Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanicals calculators in 1623.[4] Charles Babbage designed a difference engine in Victorian times(between 1873 and 1901)[5] and around 1900 the IBM corporation sold punch-card machines[6]. However all of these machines were constrained to perform a single task, or at best, some subset of all possible tasks.

During the 1940s, as newer and more powerful computing machines were developed, the term computer came to refer the machines rather than their human predecessors. As it became clear thatcomputers could be used for more than just mathematicals calculations, the field of computer science broadened to study computation in general. Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1960s, with the creation of the first computer science departments and degree programs. [7] Since practical computers became available, many applications of computing havebecome distinct areas of study in their own right.

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2. Mayor achievements

Despite its relatively short history as a formal academic discipline, computer science has made a number of fundamental contributions to science and society. These include:

Applications within computer science

• A formal definition of computation and computability, and proof that there are...