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The Underground PHP and Oracle Manual
CH R I STO P H E R JO N E S A N D A L I S O N HO L LOWAY

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The Underground PHP and Oracle® Manual, Release 1.5, December 2008. Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Authors: Christopher Jones and Alison Holloway Contributors and acknowledgments: Vladimir Barriere, Luxi Chidambaran, Robert Clevenger, Antony Dovgal, Wez Furlong, Sue Harper,Manuel Hoßfeld, Ken Jacobs, Srinath Krishnaswamy, Shoaib Lari, Simon Law, Krishna Mohan, Chuck Murray, Kevin Neel, Kant Patel, Charles Poulsen, Karthik Rajan, Richard Rendell, Roy Rossebo, Michael Sekurski, Sreekumar Seshadri, Mohammad Sowdagar, Makoto Tozawa, Todd Trichler, Simon Watt, Zahi, Shuping Zhou. The latest edition of this book is available online at:http://otn.oracle.com/goto/underground-php-oracle-manual The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs, except to the extentrequired to obtain interoperability with other independently created software or as specified by law, is prohibited. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for thesePrograms, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose. U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulationand agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the Programs, including documentation and technical data, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement, and, to the extent applicable, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software--RestrictedRights (June 1987). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other inherently dangerous applications. It shall be the licensee's responsibility to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used forsuch purposes, and we disclaim liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs. The Programs may provide links to Web sites and access to content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle is not responsible for the availability of, or any content provided on, third-party Web sites. You bear all risks associated with the use of such content. If you choose to purchase anyproducts or services from a third party, the relationship is directly between you and the third party. Oracle is not responsible for: (a) the quality of third-party products or services; or (b) fulfilling any of the terms of the agreement with the third party, including delivery of products or services and warranty obligations related to purchased products or services. Oracle is not responsible for anyloss or damage of any sort that you may incur from dealing with any third party. Oracle, JD Edwards, and PeopleSoft are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction..............................................................................................................1
Who...