Como hacer jabones?

E.S.L.

How to make soap?




2/May /2011

Introduction Soap requires two major raw materials: fat(Lard) and alkali. The alkali most commonly used today is sodium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide can also be used. Potassium-based soap creates a more water-soluble product than sodium-based soap, andso it is called "soft soap." Soft soap, alone or in combination with sodium-based soap, is commonly used in shaving products.
The cleansing action of soap comes from its unique ability to surroundoil particles, causing them to be dispersed in water. In a mixture of soap and water, soap molecules are uniformly dispersed. This system is not a true solution, however, because the hydrocarbonportions of the soap's ions are attracted to each other and form spherical aggregates known as micelles. The molecules tails that are incompatible with water are in the interior of these micelles, while thehydrophilic heads remain on the outside to interact with water. When oil is added to this system, it is taken into these micelles as tiny particles. Then it can be rinsed away.
Soap has been used forcenturies and continues to be widely used as a cleansing agent, mild antiseptic and ingestible antidote to some forms of poisoning. Although primarily used for their cleansing ability, soaps are alsoeffective as mild antiseptics and ingestible antidotes for mineral acid or heavy metal poisoning. Special metallic soaps, made from soap and heavier metals, are used as additives in polishes, inks,paints, and lubricating oils.
In the history of soap, it known that before the end of World War II, soap was manufactured by a "full-boiled" process. This process required mixing fats and oils inlarge, open kettles, with caustic soda (NaOH) in the presence of steam. With the addition of tons of salt, the soap was made to precipitate out and float to the top. Here, it was skimmed off and made...