Como Se Evalúa La Preferencia De R&D
Content
Abstract 2
I. Introduction 4
II. R&D units as a system 5
III. The multi-dimensional approach 6
3.1 Purpose of R&D performance analysis 7
3.2 Level of analysis 8
3.3 Types of R&D 8
3.4 The phase of R&D processes to be measured 9
IV. R&D metrics and evaluation tools 10
4.1 Metrics 10
4.2 Tools 11
a)Scoring method: 12
b) Analytic hierarchy process (AHP): 12
c) Comparative method: 13
d) Cost benefit analysis: 13
e) Economic analysis: 13
f) Decision tree analysis: 13
V. Conclusion 14
VI. References 15
Abstract
This report treats the question of Research and Development (R&D) performance evaluation. It tries to give an overview of the different points tobe aware of when trying to measure R&D units. It is based on a review of several scientific papers on this subject. It does not contain any empirical experiments or results. The report is structured in two parts. First it gives a theoretical concept about the how to visualize R&D units in order to be able to measure their performance in a correct way. It uses a multidimensional definition approachof R&D to circle all the critical points of their evaluation. These dimensions are: the purpose of the analysis, the level of analysis, the type of R&D and the phase of the R&D. The second part describes the types of metrics and practical tools that are used for R&D evaluation. The metrics mentioned are: quantitative objective, quantitative subjective and qualitative subjective metrics. And theexamples of practical tools are: scoring method, AHP, comparative method, cost benefit analysis, economic analysis and decision tree analysis.
I. Introduction
Within today’s market structure, competition is forcing companies to make the best use of the resources they have at their disposal. Different forces pressurize them to be always more and more efficient. Consequently, this has aninfluence on the way management is driven among those firms. Because of the fact that resources are limited, managers have to take crucial decisions when they decide where to allocate them. In order to have competent management, it is necessary to have precise information on the return you get from an investment. Those investments and returns do not necessarily have to be monetary, but they have to bemeasurable in a way that it is possible to determine whether they are profitable or not for the company. In the past, investment in research and development was made arbitrarily. In using the resources available, a certain amount of money was agreed for Research and Development (R&D) units in expectance of a useful return in the long run. This function of the company was seen as a ‘black box’[1] –isolated, difficult to manage and control. The present day’s ‘market forces’ have obliged managers to find new methods to deal with different R&D issues. They require suitable and effective ways to analyse performance of R&D investment, mainly to prove their productivity in order to compete with other company investments. Unfortunately, measurement of those performances is not so obvious. R&D unitsystems are multidimensional and have a complex functioning. It is not possible to apply any numerical or standardized methods to evaluate their returns and performance. In this report we firstly try to understand the main issues concerning R&D evaluation. Why are they difficult to estimate? How can the evaluation be approached in order to obtain significant results? What are the problems we canencounter? For this we based our structure on a study made by Ojanen and Vuola that visualizes R&D units as a multidimensional system that have to be analysed in a specific manner, depending on what we want to measure. Secondly, we will give example of different metrics and tools that are used in practice for R&D performance estimation. This part is based on a research made by Poh and Bai that...
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