Compendium

Dedicatory

For my parents and my brothers who have been my engine to finish my studies and continue to be a successful person.

Acknowledgements

Teacher Jose Guillermo Valdez Hernandez for their unconditional support during my studies.

For Miss Alejandra for their confidence and advice I grant during these three years

Summary
 
This compendium has the main purpose of gatheringthe most relevant data and works done throughout the six semesters of my career as an Executive Administrative Assistant in this institute focusing on English Grammar, Spelling, pronunciation, Business Writing and other important contents.

It is organized in three chapters that deal with linguistics matters, phonology and formal business letter writing; it also presents some importantfeatures of formal English as presented in the appendix as well as few common and hihly used abbreviations.
          I look forward to using this material for future reference either at work, school, or any other similar situation. 
May this work be a powerful tool for myself now and ever!!!

Index
Dedicatory i
Acknowledgements ii
Summary iii
Chapter 1 English Structure 1
1.1 Linguistics1
1.1.1. Grammar 1
1.1.2. Morphology 1
1.1.3. Semantics 2
1.1.4. Syntax 2
1.1.5. Phonology 2
1.2. Parts of Speech 2
1.2.1. Nouns 3
1.2.2. Adjectives 3
1.2.3. Verbs 3
1.2.4. Prepositions 3
1.2.5. Adverbs 3
1.2.6. Pronouns 4
1.2.7. Conjunctions 4
1.2.8. Interjections 4
1.3. The sentence 4
1.3.1. Subject 5
1.3.2. Predicate 5
1.3.3. Complement 5
1.4. The phrase 51.4.1.Prepositional Phrase 6
1.4.2. Infinitive Phrase 6
1.5 The Clause 7
1.5.1. Independent Clauses 7
1.5.2. Subordinate Clauses 7
1.5.3. Adjective or Relative Clauses 8
1.5.4. Adverb Clauses 8
1.5.5. Noun Clauses 8
1.6. Verb Tenses 8
1.6.1. Simple Present Tense 9
1.6.2. Simple Past Tense 9
1.6.3. Present Continuous Tense 9
1.6.4. Simple Future Tense 9
1.6.5. PastPerfect Tense 10
1.6.6. Present Perfect Tense 10
1.6.7. Future Perfect Tense 10
1.6.8. Past Continuous Tense 10
1.6.9. Future Continuous Tense 11
1.7. Diagramming 11
1.7.1. Diagramming Sentences. 11
1.7.2. Diagramming phrases. 11
Chapter 2. Spelling and Phonetics 12
2.1. Phonology 12
2.1.1. Phoneme 12
2.1.2. Allophone 12
2.1.3. Phonetics 12
2.1.4. Phonemic Alphabet 132.1.5. Spelling/Orthography. 13
2.2. Organs of the speech 13
2.2.1. Chart 14
2.3. Vowels 14
2.3.1. Vowel Chart 15
2.3.2. Vowel Description 15
2.3.3. Diphthongs 15
2.4. Consonants 16
2.4.1. Consonants Chart. 16
2.4.2. Consonants description. 17
2.4.3. Clusters. 19
2.5. Special pronunciation 19
2.5.1. The article “the” 19
2.5.2. The article “a/an” 19
2.5.3. Plural ofregular noun. 20
2.5.4. Regular verbs in past form. 20
Adding -d or -ed to Form the Past Tense 20
2.5.5. Spelling rules 20
2.5.6. Common prefixes 22
2.5.7. Common Suffixes. 23
2.6. Business Vocabulary 24
Chapter 3 Business Correspondence 36
3.1. Principles 36
3.1.1. Communication 36
3.1.2. The Business Letter 36
3.1.3. Characteristics of a Business Letter 36
3.1.4. Parts ofthe Business Letter 37
3.1.5. Business Letter Styles 38
3.1.6. Spacing 42
3.1.7. Indentation. 43
3.2. Inquiry letters 43
3.2.1. Inquiry on a Service. 44
3.2.2. Reply on Inquiry on a Service 45
3.2.3. Inquiry on a Trip 46
3.2.4. Reply on Inquiry on a Trip 47
3.2.5. Inquiry on Prices 48
3.2.6. reply inquiry on prices. 49
3.2.7. Inquiry on Personal References 50
3.2.8. Reply onPersonal References 51
3.3. Order Letters 52
3.3.1. Memorandum 52
3.3.2. Purchase Order 53
3.3.3. Cover Letter 54
3.3.4. Reply to an order 55
3.3.5. Item out of stock 56
3.3.6. Item discontinued 57
3.4. Claim Letters 58
3.4.1. Wrong Product 59
3.4.2. Adjustment on Wrong Product 60
3.4.3. Bad Product 61
3.4.4. Adjustment on Bad Product 62
3.4.5. Bad Service 63
3.4.6....