Concrete

Páginas: 2 (494 palabras) Publicado: 6 de diciembre de 2012
oAndrea Longoria
October 15, 2012

Concrete
Although people often use the word "cement" as a synonym of concrete, its  actually just one of the several  ingredients in modern concrete. Concreteis usually made up of 10 to 15 percent of cement by volume. Cement only acts as a binding agent when mixed with water and aggregates, and then it is poured and hardened into the durable material calledconcrete. 
Concrete is a hardened material used in building construction. It consists of a mixture of aggregates and paste. The aggregates are sand and gravel or crushed stone and are 70 to 80percent of the volume of concrete and they improve the formation and flow of cement paste and enhance the structural performance of concrete. The paste is water and Portland cement. The sand and gravel areused for texture. The water is the key ingredient when mixed with cement, it forms the paste that binds the aggregates together and goes through a process called hydration as it hardens. 
Hydrauliccement was used by the romans but the formula was lost during the collapse of their empire. In 1765, a British engineer, John Smeaton reinvented the first modern concrete by adding pebbles as anaggregate and mixing powered brick into the cement. In 1824, English inventor, Joseph Aspdin took out a patent on artificial cement made by burning ground limestone and clay together called Portland cementwhich remained dominant in concrete production.
Cement is fragile, it fractures easily, and thus, many additions have been developed to increasing its strengths. Concrete made with Portland cementis considered more efficient than those made with natural cement because it’s stronger, more durable, and has more consistent quality. The next important innovation in the concrete technology occurredin the late nineteen century with reinforced concrete was created. Reinforced concrete was promoted for use in railway ties, pipes, floors, and bridges. 
The manufacture of concrete is simple,...
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