Conflicto Árabe-Israelí

The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Iria Les Maceiras

Arab-Israel Conflict
By Iria Les Maceiras (20917931)

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The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Iria Les Maceiras

Index

Historical Background Page 3 to page 13

The Wall in West Bank Page 14 to page 17

Actors of the Conflict Page 18 to page 20

Amnesty International Page 20

Bibliography Page 21

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The Arab-Israeli ConflictIria Les Maceiras

Historical Background In order to explain a very long and complicated conflict as it is the Arab-Israeli conflict I will star making a chronology of the main events since the beginning, starting with the reasons why the conflict started in the first place. In 1897 the First Zionist Congress took place in Basle promoted by Theodor Hertzl who was an Austro-Hungarian journalist andthe father of modern political Zionism and one of the creator of the idea of an State of Israel in Palestine for the Jewish people. During the First World War Great Britain obtains arab help against Turkey, making the promise to those arab lands that Great Britain will give them their independence afterwards one of those land was Palestine. But in 1916 Great Britain and France sing the Sykes-PicotAgreement by which those colonial powers divided between them the Middle East: Lebanon and Syria were now part of the French colonies and Palestine, Jordan and Iraq were part if the British colonies. Jerusalem was internationalist at the same time although the 9th of December of the nest year the British invaded Jerusalem. In 1917 at the Blafour declaration the British started talking about thecreation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, respecting the civil and religious rights of the non-Jewish communities, at that time from the 700,000 inhabitants living in Palestine 574,000 were Muslims another 74,000 were Christians and 56,000 were Jewish. The 15th of September 1935 Hitler endorses the racial laws of Nuremberg along with the citizen law of the Reich and another law witch protectedthe blood and the German inheritance, that was the beginning of a terrible period for all Jewish people living not only in Germany but also in many European countries, a few year later the First International Conference on the Refugees Issue took place in Unites States in order to widen the number of Jewish refugees that were already being persecuted. Only between 1939 and 1945 the ascension of thenazis increased in 200,000 the migration os Jews to Palestine. The United Nations (1947) approve the partition of Palestine under which the Arab Palestinians (70% of the population) that had the 92% of the land were reduced to the 43% of the country, at this moment the arguments and confrontations began and due to security reasons the Jews occupied the

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The Arab-Israeli Conflict

IriaLes Maceiras

80% of Palestine. The resolution responsible for all these modification was the 181 Resolution that has four parts the first one (Future constitution and government of Palestine) starts with the termination of mandate, partition and independence: "1. The Mandate for Palestine shall terminate as soon as possible but in any case not later than 1 August 1948. 2. The armed forces of themandatory Power shall be progressively withdrawn from Palestine, the withdrawal to be completed as soon as possible but in any case not later than 1 August 1948. The mandatory Power shall advise the Commission, as far in advance as possible, of its intention to terminate the mandate and to evacuate each area. The mandatory Power shall use its best endeavours to ensure that an area situated in theterritory of the Jewish State, including a seaport and hinterland adequate to provide facilities for a substantial immigration, shall be evacuated at the earliest possible date and in any event not later than 1 February 1948. 3. Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem, set forth in Part III of this Plan, shall come into existence in...